Module 3 Flashcards
What are the 6 goods provided by Forest Rehabilitation
- Industrial timbers
- Firewood
- Gums and resins
- Animal protein
- Medicinal plants
- Other food crops
What are the 6 ecological services of forest rehabilitation for individual landowners
- Hillslope stabilization
- Improved soil fertility
- Windbreaks and shelter
- Aesthetic benefits
- Cultural benefits
- Recreational benefits
What are the 8 ecological services of forest rehabilitation to the community
- Biodiversity
- Watershed protection
- Hillslope stabilization
- Clean water
- Carbon sequestration
- Aesthetic benefits
- Cultural benefits
- Recreational benefits
What are the 6 guiding principles in silviculture
- Imitating Nature through Silviculture
- Conservation of Site Productivity
- Control of Stand Structure and Processes
- Control of Composition
- Control of Stand Density
- Control of Rotation Length
When did the most significant forests develop?
Dawn of civilization (without human assistance)
What kind of discipline is silviculture?
Anthropocentric
What guides silviculture?
Ecological constraints
What is the important role of man in silviculture?
Development of forests
Man can only facilitate the development of forests in what condition?
If he/she understands the ecological constraints
What is the paramount objective of forestry and silviculture?
Maintenance of productivity of the living forest
What can very large forests do or affect (2)
- Climate change mitigation
2. Local precipitation such as conventional thunderstorms
Silviculture rest heavily on what?
Manipulation of microclimate of a site
Living organisms are regarded as what?
- Renewable resource
2. Biotic factors
In conservation of site productivity, what do we remove?
Undesirable plants
What do problems with physical and chemical erosions impact?
- Water quality
2. Overall productivity
What is possible in forestry that is inevitable in other land uses?
Conduct forestry permanently without degradation
Is the realization of the potential of forestry to be conducted permanently without degradation automatic?
No
What are the primary activities in conserving site productivity?
- Restocking of unproductive areas
2. Protection of site and indirect benefits
What are the activities involved in restocking unproductive areas (3)?
- Forest restoration or rehabilitation
- Restoration of continuous flow of goods and services in ecosystems
- Optimum use of limited land resources
What are the activities involved in protecting a site and its indirect benefits (3)?
- Carbon sequestration
- Soil and water conservation
- Biodiversity conservation
Silviculture as ______ or _______
process engineering, forest architecture
What does silviculture aim to create in controlling stand structure and processes (2)?
- Structures
2. Development processes
In controlling stand structure and processes, what is expected of structures or developmental processes?
- Will serve the intended purpose
- Be in harmony with the environment
- Withstand the burdens imposed by environmental influences
A good silviculturist is one who is able to? (2)
- Work with environmental factors
2. Avoid failures
In controlling stand structure and processes, stands should have diverse ___ and ___ for many ____
shapes, sizes, purposes
Should consider current pattern and constraints of soil and topography
Shape of stand
What determines the internal structure of the stand?
- Variations in species and age classes
- Arrangement of different layers or stories of vegetation
- Distribution of diameter classes
What is the formula of observed growth?
Gene pool + Operational Environment + (G)(E)
Explain the cycle of controlling stand structure and processes starting from the forest management objectives
Forest management objectives require an understanding of stand dynamics. Using the understanding of stand dynamics, silviculturists control structure by using silvicultural treatments that directly influence gene pool and operational environment which both control the relative physiological performance of species and individuals. This relative physiological performance controls the differential growth of species and individuals which produces a structure that satisfies the forest management objectives.
Prevention of damage from pests, diseases, typhoons, and other injurious or damaging agents
Protection
Act of removing trees that have been or are in imminent danger of being killed or damaged by injurious agencies other than competition between tree
Salvage
Silviculturists restrict _____ to what is suitable to the location and according to ___ and ___ standpoints.
Composition, economic, biological
When new stands are being established, what is regulated to control composition? (2)
- Kind of disturbance
2. Degree of disturbance
What does planting and seeding favor?
- Desirable species
2. Desirable Genotypes
What are the considerations in controlling composition?
- Desirable species for production or protection purposes
- Species-site suitability
- Native or indigenous species
- Choice whether or not to employ exotic species
Unmanaged forests are either?
- Too densely stocked with trees
2. Too sparsely stocked with trees
Results to branchy and malformed trees or vacant spaces occupied by unwanted vegetation
Too low stand density
Causes the production to be distributed to many individuals that none grow at optimum rate and many decline in vigor
Excessively high tree density
What is the silvicultural goal in controlling stand density?
Restocking deforested area
Optimum size or age to which trees should be grown
Rotation length
Period of years required to grow trees to desired condition or either economic or natural maturity
Rotation
What needs to be controlled to shorten the rotation period?
- Tree density
- Fertilization
- Drainage
2 disadvantages of retaining trees beyond rotation age
- Does not add significant value
2. Risks to damage increases
What are the 2 reasons for retaining old trees?
- Carbon storage
2. Structural diversity
What does planning of growth of stands do?
Use of managed forest will be:
- More efficient
- More economical
- More predictable
What type of forest does tropical silviculture focus on?
Natural forest
From bottom to top, recite Ashton’s pyramid
- Understanding facts and values
- Skills and tools for gathering information about facts and values
- Techniques for assessing, maintaining, and managing values
- Synthesis and analysis
7 Facts and Values of professional resource management and policy education
- Hydrology
- Soils
- Geology
- Biometeorology
- Ecology
- Social ecology
- Political science
4 Tools to gather information about facts and values
- GIS
- Remote sensing
- Measurements
- Statistics
3 techniques for assessing, maintaining, and managing values
- Silviculture
- Economics
- Law
2 Modes of synthesis and analysis
- Management and policy issues
2. Seminars and projects
