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HISTOLOGY : MODULE 2B > MODULE 2B : NEUROHISTOLOGY > Flashcards

MODULE 2B : NEUROHISTOLOGY Flashcards

0
Q

To process and interpret sensory input and decide if action is needed

A

INTEGRATION

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1
Q

Fast acting control system which responds to internal and external change

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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2
Q

Response to integrated stimuli. The response activates muscles or glands

A

MOTOR OUTPUT

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3
Q

Nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system

A

SENSORY (AFFERENT) DIVISION

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4
Q

Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system

A

MOTOR (EFFERENT) DIVISION

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5
Q

Branch of efferent division which is involved in voluntary reponse

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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6
Q

Branch of efferent division which acts on involuntary responses

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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7
Q

Functional and structural unit of the nervous system

A

NERVE CELL

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8
Q

Also known as the soma. Trophic and genetic center of a neuron

A

CELL BODY

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9
Q

Characteristics of Cell body

A

NUCLEUS : spherical, large, pale, centrally located
(“Fish Eye” appearance)
CYTOPLASM : basophilic (Nissl’s granules)

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10
Q

Causes the basophilic staining of the cytoplasm if cell bodies of neurons due to the abundance of reticulum and ribosomes

A

NISSL’S GRANULES

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11
Q

Short cytoplasmic processes that are specialized in receiving stimuli

A

DENDRITES

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12
Q

Sites of synaptic contact in dendrites

A

GEMMULES

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13
Q

Also known as the axis cylinder

A

AXON

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14
Q

It is a long cytoplasmic process that is specialized in conduction of action potentials

A

AXON

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15
Q

True or False : Axons does not have Nissl’s Granules

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Part of the perikaryon that leads directly into the axonal process

A

AXON HILLOCK

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17
Q

Part of the myelinated axon between the apex of the axon hillock and the beginning of the myelin sheath

A

INITIAL SEGMENT

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18
Q

Main trunk of the axon, excluding the initial segment

A

AXON PROPER

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19
Q

Also known as terminal telodendroglia which makes a synaptic contact

A

TERMINAL ARBIRIZATION

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20
Q

Also known as the terminal boutonw. Forms part of a synapse, the pre-synaptic membrane

A

TERMINAL END BULB

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21
Q

Immediate covering of the axon

A

MYELIN SHEATH

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22
Q

Sheath of Schwann Cells

A

NEUROLEMMAL SHEATH

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23
Q

Sheath of Key and Retzius. Outermost covering

A

HENLE’S SHEATH

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24
Q

Component of neurolemmal sheath

A

SCHWANN CELLS

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25
Q

Type of neuron which begin in the embryo as bipolar cells which are later fused to form a single T-shaped process

A

PSEUDO-UNIPOLAR

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26
Q

Type of neurons which has a single process

A

UNIPOLAR

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27
Q

Type of neuron which has more than two process

A

MULTIPOLAR

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28
Q

Type of neuron which serves as a linkage between afferent and efferent neurons

A

ASSOCIATION NEURON

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29
Q

Type of Neuron which has a long axon and large soma

A

GOLGI TYPE I

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30
Q

Type of neuron which has a short axon and small soma

A

GOLGI TYPE II

31
Q

Parasympathetic postganglionic neuron

A

CHOLINERGIC NEURON

32
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic neuron

A

ADRENERGIC NEURON

33
Q

Supporting cells of the nervous system

A

NEUROGLIA

34
Q

Neuroglial cells of the CNS

A

ASTROCYTES
OLIGODENDROCYTES
EPENDYMAL CELLS

35
Q

Neuroglial cells of the PNS

A

SCHWANN CELLS

SATELLITES CELLS

36
Q

Important supportive cells of the CNS. They have abundant processes which make connections to other tissues

A

ASTROCYTES

37
Q

Form and maintain the. Myelin sheath in the CNS

A

OLIGODENDROCYTES

38
Q

Astrocytes found in the grey matter

A

PROTOPLASMIC ASTROCYTES

39
Q

Astrocytes found in white matter

A

FIBROUS ASTROCYTES

40
Q

Line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

A

EPENDYMAL CELLS

41
Q

Also known as neurolemma

A

SCHWANN CELLS

42
Q

Capable of secreting myelin sheath in the PNS

A

SCHWANN CELLS

43
Q

Produce myelin sheath in jelly-roll like fashion

A

SCHWANN CELLS

44
Q

Gaps in myelin sheath along the axon

A

NODES OF RANVIER

45
Q

Specialized Schwann cells found in the dorsal root ganglia and the autonomic ganglia of the PNS

A

SATELLITE CELLS

46
Q

Myelinated large axons with long internodes for rapid impulse conduction

A

GROUP A FIBERS

47
Q

Myelinated intermediate sized axons with short internodes for moderate rate of impulse conductions

A

GROUP B FIBERS

48
Q

Unmyelinated small axons for slow rate of impulse conduction

A

GROUP C FIBERS

49
Q

Type of nerve fiber found in motor and some sensory fibers

A

GROUP A FIBERS

50
Q

Type of nerve fiber found mainly in visceral sensory fibers

A

GROUP B FIBERS

51
Q

Nerve fibers include autonomic and some sensory fibers

A

GROUP C FIBERS

52
Q

Loose connective tissue surrounding the individual nerve fiber

A

ENDONEURIUM

53
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue enclosing a bundle or fascicle of nerve fibers

A

PERINEURIUM

54
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve

A

EPINEURIUM

55
Q

Aggregation of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

A

GANGLION

56
Q

Two types of ganglia

A

CRANIO-SPINAL GANGLIA

AUTONOMIC GANGLIA

57
Q

Found in dorsal roots of all spinal nerves and some cranial nerves

A

CRANIO-SPINAL GANGLIA

58
Q

Characteristics of cranio-spinal ganglia

A

SENSORY
PSEUDO-UNIPOLAR
NO SYNAPSE

59
Q

Consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia

A

AUTONOMIC GANGLIA

60
Q

Characteristics of Autonomic ganglia

A

HAS SYNAPSES
VICEROMOTOR
MULTIPOLAR

61
Q

Originates from T1 through L2

A

SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

62
Q

Neurotransmitters : Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

A

SYMPATHETIC DIVISON

63
Q

Originates from the brain stem and S1-S4

A

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

64
Q

Terminal ganglia are at the effector organs

A

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

65
Q

Portion of the terminal bouton membrane closest to the target cell

A

PRE-SYNAPTIC MEMBRANE

66
Q

Fluid filled space that guide the neurotransmitter across the gap

A

SYNAPTIC CLEFTW

67
Q

Portion of the plasma membrane of the next neuron or target cell

A

POST-SYNAPTIC MEMBRANE

68
Q

A property of neurons which is the ability to respond to stimuli

A

IRRITABILITY

69
Q

Property of neuron which is the ability to transmit an impulse

A

CONDUCTIVITY

70
Q

TRUE or FALSE : the plasma membrane at rest is non-polarized

A

FALSE

71
Q

True or False : impulse travel faster when fibers are non-myelinated

A

FALSE

72
Q

Sequence of depolarization or impulse transmission travels along the axon away from the cell body

A

ORTHODROMIC SPREAD

73
Q

Impulse travels toward the cell body

A

ANTIDROMIC SPREAD

74
Q

depolarization of myelinated axons occur only at the nodes of ranvier

A

SALTATORY CONDUCTION

75
Q

Cold, heat and pressure on a nerve fiber can block impulse condunction

A

BLOCK SIGNAL TRANSMISSION

HISTOLOGY : MODULE 2B (5 decks)

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