Module 27

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

Is a relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior due to experience

Question 2

Associative Learning

Answer 2

The formation of simple association between various stimuli and responses. This can occur for humans and animals.

Question 3

Classical Conditioning

Answer 3

A form of learning in which reflex responses are associated with new stimuli.

Question 4

How it works (CC)

Answer 4

1.Used a metronome and started it with a steady beat.
2.He then placed meat powder in the dogs’ mouths after starting the metronome. This caused reflex salivation.
3.This process was repeated, and the dogs began to salivate as soon as they heard the metronome.

Question 5

Description of events

Answer 5

1. Unconditioned stimulus (US): a stimulus that elicits a response without any prior experience (meat powder)
2. Unconditioned response (UR): A response to a stimulus that requires that requires no previous experience (Reflex salivation)
3. Neutral stimulus (NS): one that does not produce a specific response. It can however become a conditional stimulus.
4. Conditioned stimulus: a stimulus through paring with the NS (meat powder), comes to elicit a learned response.
5. Conditioned response: Because the dog started salivating, it also became a conditioned response. This is a learned reaction.
6. Conditioning is most rapid if the US is immediately followed by the CS. These two things may seem the same but have slight differences.

Question 6

Extinction

Answer 6

1. Weakening connection between the conditioned and the unconditioned stimulus
2. Unconditioned stimulus stops following the conditioned stimulus

Question 7

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 7

Return of learned response after apparent extinction

Question 8

Stimulus Generalization (CC)

Answer 8

1.After conditioning, similar stimuli may trigger a response
2. As stimuli becomes less like the original CS, responding decreases

Question 9

Discrimination (CC)

Answer 9

The learned ability to respond differently to a variety of similar stimuli
Creates more selective responses

Question 10

Examples of Classical Conditioning

Answer 10

Food aversions
Celebrity endorsements
Conditioned emotional responses
Aversion therapy

Question 11

Aversion therapy

Answer 11

1 Takes the US that elicits a negative response (UR).
2 The US is then paired with the negative behavior that is trying to be eliminated. The NS will become the CS.
3 Eventually the behavior will make a person react with a negative response. (CR). This allows the clients to be less engaged in the behavior.