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APES > Module 25 > Flashcards

Module 25 Flashcards

1
Q

Physical weathering?

A

mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals

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2
Q

Examples of physical weathering?

A

freeze/thaw

roots

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3
Q

Chemical weathering?

A

breakdown via chemical reactions and dissolution of chemical elements

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4
Q

Examples of chemical weathering?

A

acid rain (carbonic and sulfuric acid)

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5
Q

Erosion?

A

Physical removal of rocks

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6
Q

Ecosystem services provided by soil?

A

filters water
habitat
medium for plant growth
recycles nutrients

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7
Q

Parent material?

A

Underlying rock that composes inorganic parts of the soil

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8
Q

Soil degradation?

A

soils loss of ability to support plant growth

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9
Q

Horizon layers from top to bottom?

A 
O- organic 
A- topsoil
E- leaching metals and nutrients
B- accumulation of metals and nutrients
C- similar to parent material
D- parent material
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10
Q

ideal pH?

A

6-7

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11
Q

How to amend low pH?

A

Lime

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12
Q

Soil acids (bad cations)?

A

Al 3+
H +
Fe 3+

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13
Q

Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)?

A

Sum of all cations

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14
Q

% Base Saturation?

A

good ions/ total ions

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15
Q

Ecosystem services by organisms?

A

cycle nutrients
aeration
break down toxic material
cleanse water

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16
Q

Soil conservation strategies?

A

cover crops
crop rotation
legumes for nitrogen fixation
organic fertilizer

17
Q

How to amend low water holding capacity?

A

peat

18
Q

What composes most of Earth’s crust?

A

Oxygen (46%)

Silicon (28%)

19
Q

What are ores?

A

Minerals

20
Q

Types of mining?

A 
strip mining
open pit mining
Mountain-top removal
Placer
subsurface
21
Q

What is overburden?

A

All soil that is not the desired mineral

22
Q

What is tailing?

A

undesired rocks from refinement

23
Q

What is slag?

A

glassy rock formed after heating ore

24
Q

Trapper Mine, CO is an example of what?

A

Effects of legislation requiring the restoration of physical, chemical, and biological properties

25
Q

What metal comes from bauxite?

A

aluminum

APES (5 decks)

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