Module 21: Flashcards
What were the key economic activities during the Mining and Industry stage (1910-1993)?
The key economic activities were mining and industry, with a transition from a predominantly mining economy to an industrial economy focusing on the manufacturing of goods.
How did agriculture change during the Mining and Industry stage?
Agriculture became more industrialized with increased mechanization. Post-WWII government incentives improved commercial farming, but agriculture’s contribution to GDP decreased from 21.3% in 1912 to 3% in 2009.
What role did mining play in South Africa’s economy during this period?
Mining was a major contributor to GDP, starting at 27.5% in 1912 and declining to 9.8% by 2009. Gold mining dominated, along with other minerals like chromium, platinum, and manganese, with a high export of unprocessed minerals.
What were the key developments in the industrial sector during the Mining and Industry stage?
The manufacturing sector grew significantly, contributing 31.1% to GDP by 1981. Industrialisation was driven by entities like Eskom and Iscor, with impacts from WWII further boosting industrial growth.
How did apartheid laws affect the economy during the Mining and Industry stage?
Apartheid laws led to international sanctions and economic isolation. However, the legalisation of trade unions for people of colour and apprenticeships were implemented, impacting economic and labour conditions.
How did transport infrastructure develop during this period?
There was significant development in road infrastructure, railways, ports, and air transport, improving motor vehicle transportation and increasing capacity for transporting bulk goods.
What advancements occurred in communication and services during the Mining and Industry stage?
Technological advancements included the telephone, television, internet, fax machines, and cell phones. The services sector grew, with financial services, tourism, real estate, and insurance becoming more prominent, and the tertiary sector contributing 55.7% to GDP by 1940.
