Module 2.1 Flashcards
What is genetic diversity
Genetic variation within species (eye colours, Tre crown shape)
what is biodiversity
general term refers to the variety and variability of life on earth (genetic diversity, species diversity, ecological diversity))
what is population
a randomly breeding group of individuals that is largely isolated from others
what is population genetics
the study of genetic variation within and among populations and its response to evolutionary forces over space and time
why is population genetics important?
1) individuals exist in communities
2) genotypes of individuals are largely determines by the gene pool of the population
3) genetic diversity is defined at the population level
how to calculate proportion of each genotype in a population
number of individuals with each genotype / total individuals sampled
f(BB) = 1/4
f(Bb) = 1/2
f(bb) = 1/4
Sum must be equal to 1
what is allele frequencies + formula
proportion of an allele at a particular locus (of a gene) in a population for a diploid organism
count of specific allele / (2 * total individuals samples)
f(B) = 0.5
f(b) = 0.5
sum = 1
Hardy Weinberg principle
allele and genotype frequencies within a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary forces
when these conditions are met, the population is said to be in hardy Weinberg equilibrium
what is the hardy Weinberg formula
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
p,q = allele frequencies
when allele frequencies are changed, the equilibrium will be reached again after one generation random mating
p+q=1
what is the proportion of heterozygosity in hardy Weinberg
2pq
what is the frequency of dominant in hardy Weinberg
p^2
what is the frequency of recessive in hardy Weinberg
q^2
what is heterozygosity
the proportion of heterozygotes for a particular locus
what is gene diversity
the proportion of polymorphic loci across genome
assumptions for HW principle
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