Module 2 Unit 1

Question 1

Atmosphere

Atmospheric layer nearest the Earth’s surface

Answer 1

Troposphere

Question 2

Atmosphere

Contains most of the planet’s air - the mixture of gases that people depend on to stay alive

Answer 2

Troposphere

Question 3

Atmosphere

Contains water vapor in variable amounts depending on temperature

Answer 3

Troposphere

Question 4

Atmosphere

Responsible for maintaining the conducive temperature of the earth, allowing various organisms to thrive

Answer 4

Troposphere

Question 5

Atmosphere

Earth’s second layer of air

Answer 5

Stratosphere

Question 6

Atmosphere

Contains much of the atmosphere’s ozone gas (O3)

Answer 6

Stratosphere

Question 7

Atmosphere

This stratospheric ozone gas serves as a sunscreen for the planet by filtering out about ___ of the sun’s harmful UV radiation

Answer 7

95%

Question 8

Atmosphere

Layers of the Atmosphere

Answer 8

1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere
5. Exosphere

Question 9

Refers to the accelerating rate in the increase of the average global temperature

Answer 9

Global warming

Question 10

Due to the rapid increase in greenhouse gases found in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic activities

Answer 10

Global warming

Question 11

The heat that we feel if we touch a surface that has absorbed solar radiation

Answer 11

Infrared radiation (IR)

Question 12

Among the components of the atmosphere, ___ and ___ absorb little or no radiation. However, the minor components are the effective absorbers of IR particularly ___ and ___.

Answer 12

• Nitrogen; oxygen
• Carbon dioxide; water vapor

Question 12

4 Greenhouse Gases

Answer 12

1. Carbon dioxide
2. Water vapor
3. Nitrous oxide
4. Methane

Question 13

• In ___, the ___ was formed
• Includes environmental scientists

Answer 13

• 1988
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Question 14

3 points the IPCC agreed on:

Answer 14

1. Lower atmosphere on average has warmed
2. Temperature increase is due to human activities
3. The climate is beginning to change

Question 15

Since 1980, the lower atmosphere on average has warmed at an accelerating rate by about ___ and CO2 levels have been increasing since 1958

Answer 15

1.4 °F

Question 16

Since the pre-industrial period, human activities are estimated to have increased Earth’s global average temperature by about ___ degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit), a number that is currently increasing by ___ degrees Celsius (0.36 degrees Fahrenheit) per decade (NASA)

Answer 16

• 1
• 0.2

Question 17

3 Causes of Global Warming

Answer 17

1. Burning of Fossil Fuel
2. Deforestation
3. Agriculture and Farming Practices

Question 18

Increased amounts of tiny particles in the lower atmosphere that scientists call ‘___’

Answer 18

Black carbon

Question 19

Considered the second biggest contributor to global warming after CO2

Answer 19

Black carbon

Question 20

Aside from CO2 and black carbon, ___ is also released through burning of fossil fuels

Answer 20

Methane

Question 21

A greenhouse gas that is produced by the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter

Answer 21

Methane

Question 22

Number one cause of methane release in the atmosphere

Answer 22

Increased agricultural activities

Question 23

A long-term change in the average weather patterns

Answer 23

Climate Change

Question 24

4 ways to deal with Global Warming

Answer 24

1. Decrease Fossil Fuel Use 2. Reforestation and Afforestation 3. Enacting global and national laws and agreements 4. Sustainable land management

Question 25

Include all chemicals that are emitted directly into the air from natural processes and human activities and that are build up to harmful levels

Answer 25

Primary air pollutants

Question 26

Are harmful chemicals that form in the air by reacting with primary pollutants or with chemicals naturally found in the air

Answer 26

Secondary air pollutants

Question 27

___ for cooking or oil lamps release the pollutants ethylene, Sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide

Answer 27

Kerosene

Question 28

# T or F Any activity that involves burning releases pollutants in the atmosphere

Answer 28

True

Question 29

2 Causes and Sources of Air Pollution

Answer 29

1. Indoor/household air pollution 2. Outdoor ambient air pollution

Question 30

Any method that involves collecting and disposing of air pollutants after they have been produced

Answer 30

Air pollution cleanup strategies

Question 31

Focuses on eliminating or sharply reducing the production of air pollutants

Answer 31

Pollution prevention

Question 32

Philippine law against air pollution

Answer 32

Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

Question 33

Acid deposition is also called ___

Answer 33

Acid rain

Question 34

Acidic chemicals remain in the atmosphere for ___

Answer 34

Two days to two weeks

Question 35

# Acid deposition (Forms) Consists of acidic rain, snow, fog, and cloud vapor

Answer 35

Wet deposition

Question 36

# Acid deposition (Forms) Made up of acidic particles

Answer 36

Dry deposition

Question 37

# Acid rain Coal burning facilities and vehicles emit ___ and ___ into the atmosphere

Answer 37

* Sulfur dioxide (SO2) * Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

Question 38

# Acid rain Wet depositions are formed when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with atmospheric water and oxygen to form ___

Answer 38

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3)

Question 39

* As the pH approaches ___, some species of plankton and mosses may begin to invade and populations of fishes may start to die * Below a pH of ___, most fishes die

Answer 39

* 5 * 4.5

Question 40

Near the ground, ___ is an air pollutant that causes lung damage and asthma attacks

Answer 40

ozone (O3)

Question 41

The ozone layer is where about ___ of the ozone in the Earth system is found

Answer 41

90%

Question 42

___, two chemists at the University of California, Irvine, published an article detailing threats to the ozone layer from ___

Answer 42

* Mario **Molina** and Sherwood **Rowland** * Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases.

Question 43

# Increases or Decreases A hole in the ozone layer ___ the temperature of the adjacent troposphere

Answer 43

Decreases

Question 44

Aims to slash the use of HFCs by more than 80 percent over the next three decades

Answer 44

Kigali Amendment

Question 45

Kerosene for cooking or oil lamps release the pollutants ___ (3)

Answer 45

Ethylene, Sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide