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GENVI Midterms > Module 2 Unit 1 > Flashcards

Module 2 Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Atmosphere

Atmospheric layer nearest the Earth’s surface

A

Troposphere

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2
Q

Atmosphere

Contains most of the planet’s air - the mixture of gases that people depend on to stay alive

A

Troposphere

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3
Q

Atmosphere

Contains water vapor in variable amounts depending on temperature

A

Troposphere

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4
Q

Atmosphere

Responsible for maintaining the conducive temperature of the earth, allowing various organisms to thrive

A

Troposphere

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5
Q

Atmosphere

Earth’s second layer of air

A

Stratosphere

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6
Q

Atmosphere

Contains much of the atmosphere’s ozone gas (O3)

A

Stratosphere

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7
Q

Atmosphere

This stratospheric ozone gas serves as a sunscreen for the planet by filtering out about ___ of the sun’s harmful UV radiation

A

95%

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8
Q

Atmosphere

Layers of the Atmosphere

A
  1. Troposphere
  2. Stratosphere
  3. Mesosphere
  4. Thermosphere
  5. Exosphere
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9
Q

Refers to the accelerating rate in the increase of the average global temperature

A

Global warming

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10
Q

Due to the rapid increase in greenhouse gases found in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic activities

A

Global warming

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11
Q

The heat that we feel if we touch a surface that has absorbed solar radiation

A

Infrared radiation (IR)

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12
Q

Among the components of the atmosphere, ___ and ___ absorb little or no radiation. However, the minor components are the effective absorbers of IR particularly ___ and ___.

A
  • Nitrogen; oxygen
  • Carbon dioxide; water vapor
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12
Q

4 Greenhouse Gases

A
  1. Carbon dioxide
  2. Water vapor
  3. Nitrous oxide
  4. Methane
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13
Q
  • In ___, the ___ was formed
  • Includes environmental scientists
A
  • 1988
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
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14
Q

3 points the IPCC agreed on:

A
  1. Lower atmosphere on average has warmed
  2. Temperature increase is due to human activities
  3. The climate is beginning to change
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15
Q

Since 1980, the lower atmosphere on average has warmed at an accelerating rate by about ___ and CO2 levels have been increasing since 1958

A

1.4 °F

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16
Q

Since the pre-industrial period, human activities are estimated to have increased Earth’s global average temperature by about ___ degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit), a number that is currently increasing by ___ degrees Celsius (0.36 degrees Fahrenheit) per decade (NASA)

A
  • 1
  • 0.2
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17
Q

3 Causes of Global Warming

A
  1. Burning of Fossil Fuel
  2. Deforestation
  3. Agriculture and Farming Practices
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18
Q

Increased amounts of tiny particles in the lower atmosphere that scientists call ‘___’

A

Black carbon

19
Q

Considered the second biggest contributor to global warming after CO2

A

Black carbon

20
Q

Aside from CO2 and black carbon, ___ is also released through burning of fossil fuels

A

Methane

21
Q

A greenhouse gas that is produced by the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter

A

Methane

22
Q

Number one cause of methane release in the atmosphere

A

Increased agricultural activities

23
Q

A long-term change in the average weather patterns

A

Climate Change

24
Q

4 ways to deal with Global Warming

A
  1. Decrease Fossil Fuel Use
  2. Reforestation and Afforestation
  3. Enacting global and national laws and agreements
  4. Sustainable land management
25
Q

Include all chemicals that are emitted directly into the air from natural processes and human activities and that are build up to harmful levels

A

Primary air pollutants

26
Q

Are harmful chemicals that form in the air by reacting with primary pollutants or with chemicals naturally found in the air

A

Secondary air pollutants

27
Q

___ for cooking or oil lamps release the pollutants ethylene, Sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide

A

Kerosene

28
Q

T or F

Any activity that involves burning releases pollutants in the atmosphere

A

True

29
Q

2 Causes and Sources of Air Pollution

A
  1. Indoor/household air pollution
  2. Outdoor ambient air pollution
30
Q

Any method that involves collecting and disposing of air pollutants after they have been produced

A

Air pollution cleanup strategies

31
Q

Focuses on eliminating or sharply reducing the production of air pollutants

A

Pollution prevention

32
Q

Philippine law against air pollution

A

Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

33
Q

Acid deposition is also called ___

A

Acid rain

34
Q

Acidic chemicals remain in the atmosphere for ___

A

Two days to two weeks

35
Q

Acid deposition (Forms)

Consists of acidic rain, snow, fog, and cloud vapor

A

Wet deposition

36
Q

Acid deposition (Forms)

Made up of acidic particles

A

Dry deposition

37
Q

Acid rain

Coal burning facilities and vehicles emit ___ and ___ into the atmosphere

A
  • Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
  • Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
38
Q

Acid rain

Wet depositions are formed when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with atmospheric water and oxygen to form ___

A

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3)

39
Q
  • As the pH approaches ___, some species of plankton and mosses may begin to invade and populations of fishes may start to die
  • Below a pH of ___, most fishes die
A
  • 5
  • 4.5
40
Q

Near the ground, ___ is an air pollutant that causes lung damage and asthma attacks

A

ozone (O3)

41
Q

The ozone layer is where about ___ of the ozone in the Earth system is found

A

90%

42
Q

___, two chemists at the University of California, Irvine, published an article detailing threats to the ozone layer from ___

A
  • Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland
  • Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases.
43
Q

Increases or Decreases

A hole in the ozone layer ___ the temperature of the adjacent troposphere

A

Decreases

44
Q

Aims to slash the use of HFCs by more than 80 percent over the next three decades

A

Kigali Amendment

45
Q

Kerosene for cooking or oil lamps release the pollutants ___ (3)

A

Ethylene, Sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide

GENVI Midterms (3 decks)

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