Module 2 The Chemistry Of Life

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume)

Question 2

Atomic number

Answer 2

The number of protons in an atom - unique to each type of atom

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

A pure substance composed entirely of one type of atom and cannot be chemically broken down into a simpler substance

Question 4

Periodic table

Answer 4

A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number

Question 5

Atomic mass

Answer 5

Sum of the protons and the neutrons in an atom’s nucleus

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

Different forms of the same element, containing the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 7

Molecule

Answer 7

Chemical that results when two or more atoms join together chemically

Question 8

Compound

Answer 8

A molecule that contains atoms of at least two different elements

Question 9

Ionic bond

Answer 9

A chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 10

Ion

Answer 10

Positively or negatively charged atom, resulting from the transfer of electrons

Question 11

Covalent bond

Answer 11

Chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms

Question 12

Polar compound

Answer 12

A molecule with an unequal distribution of electrons causing a partial positive charge at one end in a partial negative charge at the other

Question 13

Hydrogen bond

Answer 13

A weak electrical attraction between a positive hydrogen atom and a negative atom of another molecule (usually oxygen or nitrogen)

Question 14

Solvent

Answer 14

Any substance in which other substances are dissolved

Question 15

Salute

Answer 15

A dissolved substance

Question 16

Solution

Answer 16

A mixture of salutes dissolved in a solvent

Question 17

Aqueous solution

Answer 17

A solution in which water is the solvent

Question 18

Cohesion

Answer 18

An attractive force that holds molecules of the same substance together

Question 19

Adhesion

Answer 19

An attractive force that holds molecules of different substances together

Question 20

Heat capacity

Answer 20

The amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature

Question 21

Organic molecules

Answer 21

Molecules found in living organisms that contain carbon in rings or long chains, attracted to other atoms like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus

Question 22

Biosynthesis

Answer 22

The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones

Question 23

Isomers

Answer 23

Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula

Question 24

Monosaccharides

Answer 24

Simple sugars; they are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates

Question 25

Disaccharides

Answer 25

Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides

Question 26

Polysaccharides

Answer 26

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

Question 27

Dehydration reaction

Answer 27

A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water

Question 28

Starch

Answer 28

A polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules stored in plants

Question 29

Glycogen

Answer 29

A polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules stored in animals

Question 30

Cellulose

Answer 30

A polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules found in the cell walls of plants

Question 31

Hydrolysis

Answer 31

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Question 32

Hydrophobic

Answer 32

Lacking any affinity to water, from the Latin meaning “water-fearing”

Question 33

Saturated fat

Answer 33

A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms

Question 34

Unsaturated fat

Answer 34

A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms

Question 35

Steroid

Answer 35

Lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings

Question 36

Amino acids

Answer 36

The basic building blocks of proteins each containing a carboxyl group and an amino group

Question 37

Hydrophilic

Answer 37

Attracts water molecules

Question 38

Peptide bond

Answer 38

A covalent bond that links amino acids together in a polypeptide

Question 39

Polypeptide

Answer 39

Many amino acids bonded together forming part of a protein or the whole protein

Question 40

Catalyst

Answer 40

A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process

Question 41

Activation energy

Answer 41

The energy needed to get reaction started

Question 42

Active site

Answer 42

Area of an enzyme to which a specific substrate fits

Question 43

Substrate

Answer 43

A specific reactant acted on by an enzyme

Question 44

Denaturation

Answer 44

The process in which the normal shape of a protein is lost usually due to excess heat or abnormal pH, destroying its function

Question 45

Nucleotides

Answer 45

The building blocks of DNA and RNA