Module 2 Review Assignment Chapter 4-6 Flashcards
_ was the region whose slow growing season encouraged “diversified farming.”
New England
_ connected the New England colonies, England, southern Europe, the West Indies, and Africa
Triangular Trade
Often, _ was sent to New England from the West Indies and then distilled by New England colonists to make _ that was traded to Africa for gold and _.
molasses/sugar, rum, slaves
A _ is a long Puritan speech that emphasized society’s fall from purity and grace to its current, depraved state.
Jeremiad
The biggest export from the Middle Colonies was , so much so that New York and Pennsylvania became known to English traders as the “”
wheat, bread colonies
The Middle Colonies received most of their immigrants from which four countries?
Scotland, Ireland, Germany, and Great Britain
During the colonial era, _ was the region best known for growing tobacco, a region whose elite were notorious for extravagance and indulgences but who believed they had social responsibilities as the region’s economic elite.
Chesapeake
Highly influential in America, the _ prioritized the ability to reason as the highest form of human attainment.
Enlightenment
Adam Smith became most famous for his ideas about the laws of _ and _.
supply, demand
Starting with the acquittal of New York newspaperman _, truth became a legitimate defense against a charge of libel.
John Peter Zenger
While the _ advocated a more rationalistic theology, the Protestant denominations of the Great Awakening known as the _ supported evangelism, new methods of prayer, and equality before Christ.
Old Lights, New Lights
As a result of the _, the Baptist Church saw its numbers and influence grow considerably in the Chesapeake.
Great Awakening
More than one in _ captives died on the journey known as the “_”
four, Middle Passage
The Negro Act, which consolidated South Carolina’s slave codes into one comprehensive law, was passed in response to the _ in that same colony.
Stono Rebellion
For the colonists, the result of the _ was looser governance by the Crown.
Glorious Revolution of 1688
At the _ in 1754, representatives from the mainland English colonies met for the first time for a unified purpose.
Albany Congress
During _ in 1763, the Ottawa and other tribes united in a losing fight against English intrusion of Indian lands.
Pontiac’s Rebellion
In 1760, England’s _ made some momentous changes in the way the colonies were to be governed, not the least of which was rewarding officers and crew of naval vessels for seizing smuggling ships.
Privy Council
The _ was designed to tax the colonists for the purpose of paying the soldiers protecting the North American colonies.
Stamp Act
To try to force Parliament to repeal the _, opponents in Massachusetts initiated a _ inviting representatives from all colonies to a _.
Stamp Act, circular letter, congress
The _, which convened without _, showed that the colonists were becoming more unified in their resentment of Parliament rather than the king.
Stamp Act Congress, British authorization
Organizing spinning bees to produce homespun cloth, refusing to use British imported tea and other products, and forming groups such as the Daughters of Liberty were ways in which women showed their opposition to the _.
Stamp Act and the importing of British goods.
The _, who took their name from the opposition party in Britain at the time, opposed the infringement of personal liberties at the hands of the central authority of the king.
Radical Whigs
_ were duties designed to protect the British Empire by regulating trade, whereas _ were duties that directly affected the internal affairs of the colonies.
External Taxes, Internal Taxes
In regard to colonial complaints that they had no actual (or “deputy”) representation in Parliament, members there argued that every member of Parliament represented every citizen no matter where they resided, so the colonists had _ representation in Parliament.
virtual
Parliament eventually repealed the _ because of King George withdrawing his support for the act, fearing that it would cost the country too much in lost revenue.
Stamp Act
The _ affirmed Parliament’s authority to legislate for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.”
Declaratory Act
The _ sparked a vigorous debate within the colonies about how far rebellion should go.
Boston Massacre
The Townshend Acts laid duties on _, _, _, _ and a handful of other items.
glass, lead for paint, tea, paper
When Parliament repealed most of the Townshend Acts in 1770, it kept the tax on _ as a symbol of its continued control.
tea
The “Gaspée incident” involved an English naval vessel set upon by angry citizens of the colony of _.
Providence, Rhode Island
The three provisions of the _ were that it lowered the tax on tea, game the East India Company a monopoly on tea sales to the colonies, and appointed agents in England to pay the tea duty and then sell the tea to colonists (which meant that colonial merchants could no loner sell tea).
Tea Act
What are some of the reasons historians have provided regarding why colonists dressed as Mohawk Indians during the Boston Tea Party?
To distinguish themselves from others, costumes promoted unity, or Native Americans symbolized both savagery and radical democracy
The _ consisted of four separate acts: the _, the _, the _, and the _.
Coercive Acts, Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, Quartering Act
One of the main fears of the colonists concerning the _ was that it would force them to accommodate other religions, particularly Roman Catholicism.
Quebec Act
The colonists referred to the _ and the _ as the Intolerable Acts.
Quebec Act, Coercive Acts
The only colony not represented at the First Continental Congress was _.
Georgia
After the British rout of the American colonists in Lexington, where the famous “shot heard ‘round the world” was fired by the retreating colonists, British troops continued their march to Concord, where they met another colonial militia and were repelled at the _ in Concord and were forced to alter their route back to Boston.
North Bridge
The _ were so called because they could supposedly deploy withing a matter of minutes.
Minutemen
After the battles of Lexington and Concord, the colonists organized the _ in May 1775 to name the militia around Boston as the core of the Continental Army, pass resolutions supporting the war, and approve the Olive Branch Petition.
Second Continental Congress
King George III _ the Olive Branch Petition, viewing the colonists as insubordinate subjects of the Crown.
ignored
News of the _, the first all-out battle of the Revolutionary War, prompted thousands of additional colonists to join the armed rebellion against Britain.
Battle of Bunker Hill
_ of Virginia was the person behind the “Liberty to Slaves” program during the American Revolution.
Lord Dunmore
Most of the colonists who were known as “_” during the American Revolution were wealthy landholders and slave owners.
Loyalists
_ is government based on the consent of the people and the protection of individual rights.
Republicanism
About 150,000 copies of Thomas Paine’s popular pamphlet _, probably the best known expression of republicanism
Common Sense
Who were the five individuals chosen to draft the Declaration of Independence?
John Adams of Massachusetts, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, Robert R. Livingston of New York, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, and Thomas Jefferson of Virginia
To get men to enlist for the Continental Congress at first offered them _.
large bounties of land
_ were currency printed by the Continental Congress during the Revolutionary War that led to high _.
Bills of credit, inflation
Washington took his men and crossed the _ on Christmas night 1776 in order to recapture
Delaware River, Trenton
The significance of the _ was that it convinced several European countries, most importantly the French, to join the patriots in their fight against Britain.
Battle of Saratoga
From the Continental Army’s situation during the brutally cold winter of 1777-1778 at _, Pennsylvania, one might have expected that the war would not last much longer.
Valley Forge
American victory at _ was complete only after the French naval fleet arrived before the British could rescue the army of General _ , who was ultimately forced to surrender due to him being stranded at the tip of that area’s peninsula.
Yorktown, Cornwallis
The _ was a plan for American military leaders to take over the Continental Army in order to pass a tax to pay for their salaries and expenses.
Newsburgh Conspiracy
In the Treaty of _, Britain offered generous terms to the Americans in land and trading rights because Britain wanted to make sure that its archrival France would not end up with the best trading rights to the New World.
Paris
The Revolutionary War triggered the abolition of slavery in the _.
North
By the time of the Revolution, there still were _ tribes living on the Atlantic coast.
few Indians
The Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom was drafted by _.
Thomas Jefferson
