Module 2 - Respiratory System Flashcards
what is the role of the respiratory system?
to conduct warm, clean and moist air into close proximity with blood of the circulatory system for gas exchange
to be effective, the respiratory system needs?
- a surface for gas exchange
- a path for air to flow to reach the gas exchange surface in optimal condition ( warm, moist and dry air)
- ability to draw breath in and out
- plus - produce sound and olfaction
what are the main components
- URT
- LRT
plus- thoracic cavity
- joints
- respiratory muscles
what is the conducting region?
- Nose to brionchioles
- ensure air is warm , moist and clean
what is the respiratory region?
- alveoli
- sites of gas exchange
what is the oral cavity ?
passage for air and food
name the histological structures of the skin in the respiratory system
- epithelia attached via basement membrane to the lamina propia
- lamina propria is connective tissue and may contain glands
- below all of this is, is usually a layer of submucosal layer
what type of epithelia in the conducting region?
respiratory epithelium - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
what type of epithelia where air and food travel
stratified squamous
what type of epithelia at the site of gas exchange?
simple squamous
what type of epithelia in the olfaction?
olfaction mucosa
respiratory epithelium ha s
- goblet cells which product mucus
- ciliated cells
what does mucus do?
traps debris and moistens air
what do ciliated cells do?
patterned movement pushed mucus towards the pharynx which is then swallowed and digested by the stomach acid
what are the components of the URT?
- nose and nasal cavity
- paranasal cavity
- pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)
what is the function of URT
- prepares air for gas exchange hence makes the air moist, clean and warm.
state the features of the nose
- cartilage
- nostrils
- vestibule lined with skin
Cartilage ?
- soft and flexible
- maintain unobstructed airway
vestibule lined with skin?
has sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles
- vibrissae(hairs) filters the inhaled air
what is anterior and posterior to the nasal septum in the midline?
anterior - cartilage
posterior - bone
where do internal posterior nares open into ?
nasal pharynx
what is the floor of cavity in the nasal complex formed by?
hard and soft palates
what are the 3 projections of conchae?
superior, inferior and middle conchae
what are all 3 conchae projections covered in?
Respiratory epithelium
what does the conchae do?
they swirl air, hence more likely the air will the surface and the air will be able to get moist, clean and warm from all the swirling
what does the nasal mucosa do?
So the air is going to flow in to out naries into our vestibule into the nasal nasal cavity, as it comes in it will get little bit warm, it will hit on the conchae and its going to swirl it around and everytime it touches the surface it will get warm, clean and moist and then it will trvael down our pharnynx (Throat)
Also contain veins , the job of the veins is to warm the air , as it gets colder these blood vessel can dilate more, hence we will get more and more heat transfer
what is the function of paranasal sinuses ?
- lighten the skull
- increased surface area to clean, warm and moisten air
- sound resonance
- infected mucus can block drainage = blocked sinuses