Module 2: Quality Improvement: Tools and Procedures Flashcards
Refers to collecting, evaluating, and interpreting data or information to extract meaningful insights, identify patterns, draw conclusions, and make informed decisions
Information Analysis
Mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation, and
presentation of data.
Statistics
Defined as discrete entities described objectively without interpretation and can
be classified as either quantitative and or qualitative data
Data
Are measurable data that focus on numbers and frequencies such as repeat analysis data or patient waiting time
Quantitative Data
Provide information about descriptive
characteristics and are based on observation rather than measurable
data
Qualitative Data
comprises the entire set or group of items being measured
Population
is the number of items actually measured from a population
Sample
is the information measurements acquired evaluating the particular sample
Data Set
is the number of times a particular value of variables occur or the number of
observations of an event
Frequency
are those variables that are observed in statistical studies or change in response
to independent variables are not controlled during study
Dependent Variables
are those that are deliberately manipulated to invoke a change on the dependent
variables
Independent Variables
are those variable being studied that have an infinite range of possible mathematical values
Continuous Variables
are those variables being studied that have only two opposing choices such as male or female and on and off
Dichotomous Variables
Is the position of sample frequency
Central Tendency
Refers to the consistency of repeated measurements the same thing or the
reproducibility or variation of a result and sometimes as precision
Reliability
Refers to the ability to measure what is reported to the measured and sometimes
referred to as validity
Accuracy
A systematic or nonrandom difference between the true value of a property and individual measurements of that property of the presence of a systemic error
Bias
Refers to the different between measured value and the true value of the variable
being measured
Error
Refers to the difference between the highest and the lowest values of the width of
distribution values and is measure of the dispersion of the data distribution
Range
The range of variation or dispersion of a set of values surrounding the mean, or the spread or distribution of data set
Standard Deviation
Is the square of the standard deviation in Poisson statistics and use to determine
whether the separate means of several different groups differ significantly
Variance
normal distribution and creates bell-shaped curved
Gaussian Distribution
Gaussian Distribution is named after ?
Carl Friedrich Gauss
(German Mathematician)
is a discrete probability distribution that is used to determine whether events occur randomly or not.
Poisson Distribution
Poisson Distribution is named after?
Simeon Poisson
(French Mathematician)
Refers to anything that would cause a process to deviate from acceptable standards
Variation
Referred to as accuracy
Validity
3 main types of validity
- Construct Validity
- Content Validity
- Criterion Validity
agree with other survey instruments, and have a
proven accuracy
Construct Validity
cover all of the content area
Content Validity
compares the results obtained in a survey to an
established criterion measure or benchmark
Criterion Validity
7 Basic Statistical Tools
- Flowchart
- Cause and Effect Diagram
- Histogram
- Pareto Chart
- Scatter Plot
- Trend Chart
- Control Chart
Is a pictorial representation of individual steps that can be contained in a process
Flowchart
Also called a fishbone chart or Ishikawa diagram
Cause and Effect Diagram
Cause and Effect Diagram is developed by and when?
Kaoru Ishikawa of the University of Tokyo in 1943
To demonstrate graphically the causes and effect of different variables or conditions on a key quality characteristics and, thereby potential areas for improvement
Cause and Effect Diagram
Is a data display tool in the form of a bar graph that often plots the most frequent
occurrence of quantity in the center
Histogram
was developed to illustrate the 80/20 rule (80% problems stem from 20% of the cause)
Pareto Chart
The Pareto chart is a casual analysis tool that is named after?
Wilfredo Pareto
demonstrates whether key indicators are moving up or down over a given
period, on an ongoing basis
Trend Chart
Trend Chart is also called as?
run chart or run-sequence plot
refers to the evaluation of data collected over a period for the purpose of identifying patterns or changes
Trending
Is a modification of the trend chart in which statistically determined upper and
lower control limits are placed with the central line that indicates an accepted
norm
Control Chart
Quality Improvement Plans
- Performance Measure
- Performance Measurement
- Performance Management
measure a system of care and are derived from clinical or practice guidelines
Performance Measure
is a process by which a healthcare organizations monitors important aspects of its programs, system, and process
Performance Measurement
Is a forward looking process that is used to set goals and regularly check progress forwarding achieving those goals
Performance Management
5 Dimensions to quality in diagnostic imaging that needs to be measured
- Examination Appropriateness
- Procedure protocol or workflow
- Accuracy of Intrepretation
- Communication of imaging result
- Measuring and monitoring performance improvement quality, safe and efficiency
Problem Identification and Analysis
● Group Dynamics
● Thought Process Map
● Analysis Questions Matrix
Group Dynamics
- Brainstorming
- Focus Groups
- Quality Improvement Team
- Quality Circles
- Consensus/Concensus
- Multivoting
- Work Teams
a group of process used to develop a large collection or ideas without regards to their merit or validity
Brainstorming
Is a small group that focuses on a particular problem and then hopefully derives
a solution
Focus Groups
Is a group of individual who implement the solutions that were derived by focus
group
Quality Improvement Team
type of group dynamic tool is normally composed of supervisors and workers who are from the same department or who may have the same function in a similar department
Quality Circles
Another method that can follow a successful brainstorming.
After the initial ideas are formulated during the brainstorming session, the
group members, through discussion and teamworks, come to an agreement on
the most important idea to be addressed.
Consensus/Concensus
This method is normally used after a brainstorming session to dismiss
nonessential or nonrealistic ideas and the concentrate on those that can
realistically solve the problem
Multivoting
Works on specific tasks and mmet to solve particular problems, as well as
RCA, which tries to identify the root causes of faults or problems within the process
Problem is defined as a gap between the current condition and get condition
Work Teams
3 COMMON RCA TOOLS
- 5 Whys
- Thought Process Map
- Analysis Questions Matrix
Five Basic Steps to Create a Thought Process Map
● Define the projects goals
● List the known and unknowns
● Ask grouped questions that define, measure, analyze, improved and control (DMAIC)
● Sequence and link the questions
● Identify possible tools to be used
lists a series of analysis questions that seek to find the root cause of a particular issue and to uncover why parts of the process occurred or did not occur when
they should have.
Analysis Questions Matrix
