Module 2: Quality Improvement: Tools and Procedures

Question 1

Refers to collecting, evaluating, and interpreting data or information to extract meaningful insights, identify patterns, draw conclusions, and make informed decisions

Answer 1

Information Analysis

Question 2

Mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation, and
presentation of data.

Answer 2

Statistics

Question 3

Defined as discrete entities described objectively without interpretation and can
be classified as either quantitative and or qualitative data

Answer 3

Data

Question 4

Are measurable data that focus on numbers and frequencies such as repeat analysis data or patient waiting time

Answer 4

Quantitative Data

Question 5

Provide information about descriptive
characteristics and are based on observation rather than measurable
data

Answer 5

Qualitative Data

Question 6

comprises the entire set or group of items being measured

Answer 6

Population

Question 7

is the number of items actually measured from a population

Answer 7

Sample

Question 8

is the information measurements acquired evaluating the particular sample

Answer 8

Data Set

Question 9

is the number of times a particular value of variables occur or the number of
observations of an event

Answer 9

Frequency

Question 10

are those variables that are observed in statistical studies or change in response
to independent variables are not controlled during study

Answer 10

Dependent Variables

Question 11

are those that are deliberately manipulated to invoke a change on the dependent
variables

Answer 11

Independent Variables

Question 12

are those variable being studied that have an infinite range of possible mathematical values

Answer 12

Continuous Variables

Question 13

are those variables being studied that have only two opposing choices such as male or female and on and off

Answer 13

Dichotomous Variables

Question 14

Is the position of sample frequency

Answer 14

Central Tendency

Question 15

Refers to the consistency of repeated measurements the same thing or the
reproducibility or variation of a result and sometimes as precision

Answer 15

Reliability

Question 16

Refers to the ability to measure what is reported to the measured and sometimes
referred to as validity

Answer 16

Accuracy

Question 17

A systematic or nonrandom difference between the true value of a property and individual measurements of that property of the presence of a systemic error

Answer 17

Bias

Question 18

Refers to the different between measured value and the true value of the variable
being measured

Answer 18

Error

Question 19

Refers to the difference between the highest and the lowest values of the width of
distribution values and is measure of the dispersion of the data distribution

Answer 19

Range

Question 20

The range of variation or dispersion of a set of values surrounding the mean, or the spread or distribution of data set

Answer 20

Standard Deviation

Question 21

Is the square of the standard deviation in Poisson statistics and use to determine
whether the separate means of several different groups differ significantly

Answer 21

Variance

Question 22

normal distribution and creates bell-shaped curved

Answer 22

Gaussian Distribution

Question 23

Gaussian Distribution is named after ?

Answer 23

Carl Friedrich Gauss
(German Mathematician)

Question 24

is a discrete probability distribution that is used to determine whether events occur randomly or not.

Answer 24

Poisson Distribution

Question 25

Poisson Distribution is named after?

Answer 25

Simeon Poisson (French Mathematician)

Question 26

Refers to anything that would cause a process to deviate from acceptable standards

Answer 26

Variation

Question 27

Referred to as accuracy

Answer 27

Validity

Question 28

3 main types of validity

Answer 28

* Construct Validity * Content Validity * Criterion Validity

Question 29

agree with other survey instruments, and have a proven accuracy

Answer 29

Construct Validity

Question 30

cover all of the content area

Answer 30

Content Validity

Question 31

compares the results obtained in a survey to an established criterion measure or benchmark

Answer 31

Criterion Validity

Question 32

7 Basic Statistical Tools

Answer 32

* Flowchart * Cause and Effect Diagram * Histogram * Pareto Chart * Scatter Plot * Trend Chart * Control Chart

Question 33

Is a pictorial representation of individual steps that can be contained in a process

Answer 33

Flowchart

Question 34

Also called a fishbone chart or Ishikawa diagram

Answer 34

Cause and Effect Diagram

Question 35

Cause and Effect Diagram is developed by and when?

Answer 35

Kaoru Ishikawa of the University of Tokyo in 1943

Question 36

To demonstrate graphically the causes and effect of different variables or conditions on a key quality characteristics and, thereby potential areas for improvement

Answer 36

Cause and Effect Diagram

Question 37

Is a data display tool in the form of a bar graph that often plots the most frequent occurrence of quantity in the center

Answer 37

Histogram

Question 38

was developed to illustrate the 80/20 rule (80% problems stem from 20% of the cause)

Answer 38

Pareto Chart

Question 39

The Pareto chart is a casual analysis tool that is named after?

Answer 39

Wilfredo Pareto

Question 40

demonstrates whether key indicators are moving up or down over a given period, on an ongoing basis

Answer 40

Trend Chart

Question 41

Trend Chart is also called as?

Answer 41

run chart or run-sequence plot

Question 42

refers to the evaluation of data collected over a period for the purpose of identifying patterns or changes

Answer 42

Trending

Question 43

Is a modification of the trend chart in which statistically determined upper and lower control limits are placed with the central line that indicates an accepted norm

Answer 43

Control Chart

Question 44

Quality Improvement Plans

Answer 44

* Performance Measure * Performance Measurement * Performance Management

Question 45

measure a system of care and are derived from clinical or practice guidelines

Answer 45

Performance Measure

Question 46

is a process by which a healthcare organizations monitors important aspects of its programs, system, and process

Answer 46

Performance Measurement

Question 47

Is a forward looking process that is used to set goals and regularly check progress forwarding achieving those goals

Answer 47

Performance Management

Question 48

5 Dimensions to quality in diagnostic imaging that needs to be measured

Answer 48

* Examination Appropriateness * Procedure protocol or workflow * Accuracy of Intrepretation * Communication of imaging result * Measuring and monitoring performance improvement quality, safe and efficiency

Question 49

Problem Identification and Analysis

Answer 49

● Group Dynamics ● Thought Process Map ● Analysis Questions Matrix

Question 50

Group Dynamics

Answer 50

* Brainstorming * Focus Groups * Quality Improvement Team * Quality Circles * Consensus/Concensus * Multivoting * Work Teams

Question 51

a group of process used to develop a large collection or ideas without regards to their merit or validity

Answer 51

Brainstorming

Question 52

Is a small group that focuses on a particular problem and then hopefully derives a solution

Answer 52

Focus Groups

Question 53

Is a group of individual who implement the solutions that were derived by focus group

Answer 53

Quality Improvement Team

Question 54

type of group dynamic tool is normally composed of supervisors and workers who are from the same department or who may have the same function in a similar department

Answer 54

Quality Circles

Question 55

Another method that can follow a successful brainstorming. After the initial ideas are formulated during the brainstorming session, the group members, through discussion and teamworks, come to an agreement on the most important idea to be addressed.

Answer 55

Consensus/Concensus

Question 56

This method is normally used after a brainstorming session to dismiss nonessential or nonrealistic ideas and the concentrate on those that can realistically solve the problem

Answer 56

Multivoting

Question 57

Works on specific tasks and mmet to solve particular problems, as well as RCA, which tries to identify the root causes of faults or problems within the process Problem is defined as a gap between the current condition and get condition

Answer 57

Work Teams

Question 58

3 COMMON RCA TOOLS

Answer 58

* 5 Whys * Thought Process Map * Analysis Questions Matrix

Question 59

Five Basic Steps to Create a Thought Process Map

Answer 59

● Define the projects goals ● List the known and unknowns ● Ask grouped questions that define, measure, analyze, improved and control (DMAIC) ● Sequence and link the questions ● Identify possible tools to be used

Question 60

lists a series of analysis questions that seek to find the root cause of a particular issue and to uncover why parts of the process occurred or did not occur when they should have.

Answer 60

Analysis Questions Matrix