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BIOLOGY 211 - Iowa State University > Module 2 - Plants & Fungi > Flashcards

Module 2 - Plants & Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Plants started evolving to terrestrial how long ago?

A

475 mya

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2
Q

List the 5 things that plants needed to adapt to…

A
  1. Moving water around inside the pant
  2. Retaining water, avoiding evaporation
  3. Support, structure to hold plant
  4. Reproduction, specifically without water
  5. Adapting with changing environment, wind, heat, ect.
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3
Q

One plant adaption for living on land was lignin. Lignin is important for plants as…

A

Support.

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4
Q

What plant adaptation helps to reduce water loss?

A

A waxy cuticle.

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5
Q

Plants originated from what group?

A

The Green Algae

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6
Q

Vascular plants arrived when?

A

400 mya

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7
Q

Did vascular plants originally lack seeds?

A

Yes.

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8
Q

The origin of a seed was how long ago?

A

360 mya

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9
Q

A seed is meant to provide what two things to an embryo?

A

Food and Protection

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10
Q

Flowering plants emerged when?

A

130 mya

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11
Q

Non-vascular plants are called…

A

Bryophytes

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12
Q

How did plants adapt to land… (5 things)

A
  1. Vascular System, transporting water
  2. Waxy cuticles on leaves, keeps water from evaporating
  3. Stomata, helps with photosynthesis, allows CO2 to come inside
  4. Lignin, helps form a structure like skeleton
  5. Encloses gametes & embryos in plant tissues
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13
Q

Gemmae cups are associated with ___________ reproduction in _________.

A

Asexual, Liverworts

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14
Q

Bryophytes lack…

A

Vascular Tissue

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15
Q

In mosses, the antheridia produce…

A

Male Gametes

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16
Q

Plant spores give rise directly to…

A

Gametophytes

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17
Q

Ferns belong to what group?

A

Pterophyta

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18
Q

In vascular plants the xylem is responsible for the transportation of ________. Whereas the phloem is responsible for the transportation of _______.

A

Water, Food

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19
Q

A heterosporous plant is one that…

A

Produces microspores and megastores, which give rise to separate male and female gametophytes.

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20
Q

The megasporangia are associated with the production of…

A

Eggs.

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21
Q

Plants store starch in…

A

Plastids

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22
Q

In plants, the cell was is made of…

A

Cellulose.

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23
Q

What are the three divisions of Bryophytes?

A
  • Mosses
  • Liverworts
  • Hornworts
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24
Q

What are the three divisions of seedless vascular plants?

A
  • Club Mosses
  • Horsetails
  • Ferns
25
What are the two main types/groups of vascular plants (with seeds)?
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
26
What four divisions are listed under gymnosperms?
- Cycads - Ginkgo - Gnetales - Conifers
27
What division is listed under angiosperms?
Flowering Plants
28
The whole structure which includes the megasporangium, megaspore, and integuments is called the...
Ovule
29
Pollen grains are...
Reduced gametophytes
30
The dominate forest trees during the time of the dinosaurs were...
Gymnosperms
31
The ancestor off lowering plants was a...
Gnetophyte
32
The carpel includes what three flower parts?
- Ovary - Style - Stigma
33
What flower part develops into a seed?
An Ovule
34
What flower part develops into a fruit?
An Ovary
35
Bryophytes still need _______ for reproduction.
Water
36
In vascular plants, the roots do what?
Absorb water and minerals.
37
In vascular plants, the shoots do what?
Perform/Assist with photosynthesis.
38
The Sphenophyta division is mostly associated with...
Horsetails
39
The Lycophyta Division is mostly associated with...
Herbaceous club mosses and Lycopods
40
The Pterophyta division is mostly associated with...
Ferns
41
The Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, and Pterophyta divisions are categorized as...
Seedless Vascular Plants
42
What is the purpose of a gametangium?
To protect the gametes
43
After the origin of plants, what was the order in which the three main evolutionary advances occurred?
1. Vascular System 2. Seeds 3. Flowers
44
In the alternations of generations, the gametophyte is __________ and produces ___________.
Haploid, Gametes
45
In mosses, the matured sporophyte is...
Attached to the gametophyte
46
In the moss life cycle, __________ cells within a sporangium undergo ________ to produce __________ spores.
Diploid, Meiosis, Haploid
47
What do gymnosperms and angiosperms not have in common?
Ovaries
48
In a pollen grain _______ sperm cells enter the ovary through the ___________.
2, Micropyle
49
How do fruits contribute to the success of angiosperms?
By facilitating dispersal of seeds.
50
Fungi obtain nutrients by ____________ food while animals obtain nutrients by ___________ food.
Absorbing, Ingesting
51
The body of a fungus is composed of a network of _________. This network is collectively called __________.
Hyphae, Mycelium
52
In mycorrhizal fungi, the hyphae are specialized to form...
Haustoria
53
What is the primary role of a mushrooms underground mycelium?
Absorbing nutrients
54
The coenocytic fungal species lack...
Hyphae divided by septa
55
The fungal process that involves the union of nuclei is called....
Karyogamy
56
The ancestor of fungi was an aquatic, single called...
Protist
57
In fungi, sexual spores are produced by...
Meiosis
58
Karyogamy produces a...
Diploid zygote
59
Chytrids are unique among fungi in having...
Flagellated spores

BIOLOGY 211 - Iowa State University (3 decks)

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