MODULE 2: PART 1 (CULTURE) Flashcards
“Culture is the complex whole which
includes knowledge, belief, art, morals,
law, customs and habits and any
capabilities acquired by man as a member
of society”.
EDWARD TAYLOR
“Culture is social heredity, which is
transmitted from one generation to
another with the accumulation of
individual experiences”.
RALPH LINTON
“Culture is the way of life which is
transmitted from generation to
generation”.
JOHN BEATTIE
It refers to the feelings of disbelief, disorganization and
frustration one experiences when he encounters cultural
patterns or practices whichare different from his.
CULTURE SHOCK
It refers to the tendency to see the behaviors, beliefs, values,
and norms of one’s own group as the only right way of living
and to judge others by those standards.
ETHNOCENTRISM
It refers to the evaluation of one’s culture and that of others
based on the romantic notion that the culture and way of life
of the primitives or other simple cultures is better, more
acceptable and more orderly.
NOBLE SAVAGE MENTALITY
It refers to the gap between the material and non-material
culture.
CULTURE LAG
This refers to smaller group which develop norms, values,
beliefs, and special languages which make the distinct from
the broader society.
SUBCULTURE
It refers subgroups whose standards come in conflict with
the oppose the conventional standards of the dominant
culture.
COUNTERCULTURE OR CONTRA CULTURE
It refers to the idea that what is foreign is best and that one’s
lifestyle, products or ideas are inferior to those others.
XENOCENTRISM
The concept of this perspective states that cultures differ, so that a cultural trait, act, or idea has no meaning but its meaning only within its cultural setting.
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
Non-materials aspects of
culture and embody man’s conception
of his physical, social and cultural
world
IDEAS
Refer to a person’s conviction about a
certain idea
BELIEFS
Abstract concepts of what is
important and worthwhile, they are general ideas that
individuals share about what is good or bad
VALUES
CHARACTERIESTICS OF CULTURE: Culture never remains static but changing. It is changing in every society, but with different speed and causes. It constantly under goes change and adapts itself to the environments.
CULTURE IS CHANGING
CHARACTERIESTICS OF CULTURE: All the traits, attitudes, ideas, knowledge and material objects like radio, television and automobiles etc. is actually shared by members of
society.
CULTURE IS SHARED
CHARACTERIESTICS OF CULTURE: All the culture traits and objects are transmitted among the members of society continually.
CULTURE IS TRANSMITTED
CHARACTERIESTICS OF CULTURE: It is acquired through education, training and experience
CULTURE IS LEARNED
- These are the guidelines people are
supposed to follow in their relation with one
another. - They indicate what people should or should
not do in specific situation. - They indicate the standard of
propriety, morality, legality, and
ethics of a society that are
covered by sanctions when
violation are made.
COMPONENTS OF CULTURE
These are the norms people consider vital to their wellbeing and most cherished values; they are special customs with moral and ethical significance, which are strongly held and emphasized.
MORES
These are everyday habits; customs, traditions and conventions people obey without giving much thought to the
matter.
FOLKWAYS
These are formalized norms enacted by people vested
with legitimate authority
LAWS
NORM THAT STEMS FROM AND ORGANIZES CASUAL INTERACTIONS
FOLKWAY
STRONG NEGATIVE NORM; VIOLATING IT RESULTS IN EXTREME DISGUST
TABOO
NORM THAT IS INSCRIBED AT THE STATE OF FEDERAL LEVEL
LAW
NORM THAT STRUCTURES THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RIGHT AND WRONG
MORE
It is the goal of society and never achieved fully
because some parts remain out of practice. This
culture is explained in books, speeches etc.
IDEAL CULTURE
The culture on which we act upon in our daily life.
REAL CULTURE
It refers to an object, gesture, sound, color or design that
represents something “other that itself”
LANGUAGE SYMBOLS
For example religion, art, ideas,
customs, values system, attitudes, language,
knowledge etc.
NON-MATERIAL CULTURE
From material culture we understand material
and physical objects
MATERIAL CULTURE
Social anthropologist and a lecturer in his field of study
at Oxford University
JOHN BEATTIE
American anthropologist of the mid-20th century
RALPH LINTON (1945)
Colonial American poet, pastor and physician of English origin
EDWARD TAYLOR
