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ob exam 1 > Module 2: Part 1 > Flashcards

Module 2: Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries vs Veins in the umbilical cord

A

2 Arteries; 1 Vein (AVA is her name lol)

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2
Q

does the umbilical cord have nerves

A

NO

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3
Q

soft material within the cord

A

Wharton’s Jelly

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4
Q

avg length of umbilical cord

A

54cm

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5
Q

what happens when the cord only has one artery?

A

more waste buildup

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6
Q

velamentous insertion is more common with

A

placenta previa

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7
Q

what is velamentous insertion

A

when the cord inserts into the fetal membranes before reaching a placental margin ➔ exposed vessels which can rupture

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8
Q

vasa previa

A

vessels of the placenta transverse the internal os ➔ can cause massive hemorrhage (issue with the baby not the mom)

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9
Q

long cord complications

A

can wrap around baby’ neck multiple times and strangle them

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10
Q

mean duration of a singleton pregnancy

A

280 days (40 weeks)

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11
Q

term

A

37-42 weeks gestation

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12
Q

preterm

A

before 37 weeks

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13
Q

postterm

A

after 42 weeks

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14
Q

early term

A

37 0/7 - 38 6/7 weeks

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15
Q

full term

A

39 0/7 to 40 6/7

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16
Q

late term

A

41 0/7 to 41 6/7

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17
Q

how to confirm gestational age? (6)

A
  1. date of LMP (1st day of last period)
  2. size of uterus by bimanual exam in 1st trimester
  3. fetal movement (quickening)
  4. fetal heart activity
  5. fundal height
  6. ultrasonography
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18
Q

Gestational age is most accurate when sono of fetus is done…

A

in the first trimester (13 6/7 weeks)

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19
Q

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) age is assigned based on

A

age of embryo and date of transfer

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20
Q

ultrasonography is recommended for…

A

ALL pregnancies

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21
Q

some examples of fetal evaluation (vague)

A

weight equations

biparietal diameter

abdominal circumference

femur length

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22
Q

Leopold’s Maneuver

A

Systematic bimanual exam of the uterus

Assesses size, presentation, and lie

Divided into four separate maneuvers

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23
Q

Limitations of leopold’s maneuver (5)

A
  • small fetus
  • maternal obesity
  • multiple pregnancy
  • uterine fibroids
  • polyhydramnios
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24
Q

fetal growth restriction (IUGR) criteria

A

less than 10th percentile of gestational age

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25
Q

IUGR results from

A

suboptimal uteroplacental perfusion and fetal nutrition

26
Q

IUGR babies are at increased risk for

A

cognitive delay in childhood, chronic disease in adulthood

27
Q

maternal vs fetal vs uteroplacental factors r/t high risk pregnancy

A
28
Q

small for gestational age (SGA)

A

newborn with birth weight less than 10th percentile for gestational age

29
Q

large for gestational age (LGA)

A

EFW is greater than 90th percentile for gestational age

30
Q

fetal macrosomia

A

growth beyond a birth weight of 4000 g or 4500 g regardless of gestational age

31
Q

fetal macrosomia is associated with what outcomes?

A

increased risk of:
C sxn
instrumental delivery
birth injuries to mother (vaginal, perineal, rectal trauma)
birth injuries to infant (orthopedic and neuro)

32
Q

fetal macrosomia can be determined by ____ or _____

A

leopold’s or ultrasonography

33
Q

what kind of moms could have fetal macrosomia?

A

diabetics

34
Q

risks of shoulder dystocia

A

brachial plexus injury and fractured clavicle

35
Q

erb’s palsy is often a result of

A

fractured clavicle

36
Q

FHR associated with increased risk of pregnancy loss

A

FHR less than 100 bpm

37
Q

Physical exam of abdomen in last part of pregnancy to determine

A

fetal lie and presentation

38
Q

fetal movement strongly correlates with

A

fetal health

39
Q

nulliparous (first time pregnancy)
fetal movement

A

18-20 weeks

40
Q

parous fetal movement starts at:

A

16-18 weeks

(Vs: a first time preggo 18-20 weeks)

41
Q

when is nonstress test (NST) performed

A

before the onset of labor and not invasive

42
Q

an NST is also known as

A

cardiotocography ➔ records the FHR for a period of 20-40 mins

43
Q

how is NST conducted

A

Externally with a doppler ultrasonography with sound waves that emit from a transducer that are deflected by movements of the heart and heart valves

The changes in frequency of the deflected waves are detected by a sensor and converted to a FHR

44
Q

what is the goal of the NST

A

Investigates changes in FHR pattern with time and reflects the maturity of the fetal autonomic nervous system

45
Q

reactive NST

A

2 or more accels of at least 15 bpm for 15 sec in 20 min

46
Q

reactive (preterm) NST

A

2 or more accels at least 10 bpm for 10 seconds

47
Q

non-reactive NST

A

no accels or accels < 15 x 15

48
Q

unsatisfactory NST

A

no fetal movement or <2 movements in a maximum of 40 minutes

49
Q

which NST result is regarded as evidence of fetal health

A

reactive NST

50
Q

NST on babies less than 28 weeks

A

probably not accurate ➔ underdeveloped nervous systems

51
Q

uses a hand-held electronic device placed just above the pregnant woman’s abdomen.

A

vibroacoustic stimulation

52
Q

how does vibroacoustic stimulation work

A

Brief sounds are sent through the mother’s abdomen to her baby. The vibroacoustic stimulation gives the opportunity to assess how the baby responds.

53
Q

Exposure of the baby to the vibroacoustic stimulation is generally considered safe but it can cause

A

vigorous fetal movements and fetal distress.

54
Q

Biophysical Profile (BPP) is a screening tool used to detect

A

fetal-well being & asphyxia

55
Q

BPP score is continued over

A

30-40 mins

56
Q

BPP 8-10

A

reassuring!! 😍

57
Q

BPP 4-6

A

suspicious 🧐

58
Q

BPP of 2 or 0

A

suggests fetal distress and immediate delivery necessary 😱😳🤬

59
Q

T/F BPP is only used in term fetuses

A

FALSE! preterm or term

60
Q

BPP Scoring

A

ob exam 1 (13 decks)

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