Module 2 - nonopioid analgesics

Question 1

paracetamol

Answer 1

same as acetaminophen

Question 2

acetominophen: Mechanism of action

Answer 2

-blocks peripheral pain impulses by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS
-acts on the hypothalamus
(regulates temperature)
-weak anti-inflammatory effects (shouldn’t be used for this)

Question 3

when is acetaminophen used?

Answer 3

• mild to moderate pain, fever
• Antipyretic drug of choice for children/adolescents with fever
• Drug of choice for osteoarthritis pain

Question 4

prostaglandin synthesis

Answer 4

• prostaglandins are local, short-range hormones that are formed rapidly, act in the immediate area and then decay or are destroyed
• influence stimulation of neural receptors for pain during tissue damage

Question 5

acetaminophen :

adult dosage

Answer 5

Adults:
Max 24h dose: 4000 mg
(older adults/ liver problems: max 2500mg)

Question 6

acetaminophen antidote

Answer 6

acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) – give 18 doses in Tylenol O.D

MOA: prevents the hepatotoxic metabolites of acetaminophen from forming

Question 7

signs of acetaminophen O.D.

Answer 7

nausea, vomiting, ABD pain

Question 8

acetaminophen:

interactions

Answer 8

-dont ingest with alcohol

increase liver toxicity

Question 9

when should tylenol be used cautiously?

Answer 9

hepatic/renal disease, alcoholism, chronic malnutrition

Question 10

acetaminophen:

adverse effects

Answer 10

renal failure (chronic high doses)
hepatic failure and hepatotoxicity

-acute toxicity - drug exceeds 150mg/kg