Module 2 - Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Classes of NTs
Classical & non-classical
Classical NTs
Studied first.
AA’s, monoamines
Purines
Acetylcholine (own class)
Nonclassical NTs
Neuropeptides
Lipids
Gases
Classified according to structure
Synaptic transmission
Process of chemical communication across a synapse by a NT
Steps of synaptic transmission (in order)
- NT synthesis & packaging
- NT release
- Receptor Activation
- NT clearance
Synthesis & packaging
Proteins transport NT into vesicle that is made of cell membrane
Classical - clear core
Nonclassical- larger, dark core
NT Release
Proteins required for docking at base of axon terminal
Active Zone
site of vesicle docking, priming, and fusion
Fusion
Joining of vesicle with presynaptic membrane via Ca2+ binding to membrane proteins
Regulation of NT release
Rate of action potential
Different axon terminals differ in likelihood of release
Presence of autoreceptors
Autoreceptor
Receptor for the same NTs released by that neuron
Terminal autoreceptors
Axon terminal regulates release of NTs
Somatodendritic receptors
Must have something released there
Ionotropic receptors
4-5 subunits
Can desensitize
Metabotropic receptors
2nd messenger signal
Protein kinase- enzyme that phosphorylates proteins producing widespread postsynaptic changes
NT Clearance
Break down enzymes in synapse
Reuptake- removal of a NT via active transport by a transporter protein
