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Neurobiology > MODULE 2: NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

MODULE 2: NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

Module 2

1
Q

A complex collection of nerves and specialized cell which TRANSMITS SIGNALS between the BRAIN and the rest of the BODY, including INTERNAL ORGANS.

A

The Nervous System

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2
Q

Controls the ability to MOVE, BREATHE, SEE, THINK & more

A

The Nervous System’s Activity

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3
Q

Is a network of neurons whose main feature is to (GMT) generate, modulate and transmit
information between all the different parts of the human body

A

Nervous System

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4
Q

3 Important Functions of the Nervous System

A
  1. Regulation of vital body functions
  2. Sensation
  3. Body Movements
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5
Q

Regulation of vital body functions include: HBD

A

Heartbeat, Breathing and Digestion

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6
Q

The nervous system preside everything that makes us human (True or False)

A

TRUE

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7
Q

What makes us human? (CCBM)

A

Cognition
Consciousness
Behaviour and
Memories

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8
Q

2 systems under Nervous System

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)
and
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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9
Q

CNS is made up of:

A

Brain and the Spinal Cord

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10
Q

PNS is made up of 2 NS:

A

Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System

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11
Q

It is the integration and command center of the body

A

CNS

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12
Q

represents the conduit between the CNS and the body.

A

PNS

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13
Q

4 parts of the brain

A

cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem

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14
Q

the brain weighs approximately:

A

1.3 to 1.4 kgs

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15
Q

2 Types of Matter

A

Grey and White Matter

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16
Q

receives and stores impulses (cell bodies and neuroglia)

A

GREY MATTER

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17
Q

carries impulses to and from grey matter (axons)

A

WHITE MATTER

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18
Q

processes the incoming information from peripheral tissues and generate commands,
telling the tissues how to respond and function

A

The 4 parts of the brain

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19
Q

It is a long tube-like structure which extend from the brain

A

SPINAL CORD

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20
Q

Length of Spinal Cord in Adult Women

A

43cm

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21
Q

Length of Spinal Cord in Adult Men

A

45cm

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22
Q

Weight of Spinal Cord

A

35-40 grams

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23
Q

What lies between the vertebral column (back bone) ?

A

SPINAL CORD

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24
Q

Spinal Cord is composed of __ segments and a pair of spinal nerves comes out of each segment (called ______ _______)

A

31, Spinal Segment

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25
Q

Where are motor and sensory nerves located?

A

At the Spinal Cord

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26
Q

three layers or membranes that cover the brain and the spinal cord

A

MENINGES

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27
Q

What are the Meninges 3 layers

A

dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater

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28
Q

it PROTECTS the brain and spinal cord by acting as a BARRIER AGAINST BACTERIA and other
microorganisms

A

MENINGES

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29
Q

OUTERMOST LAYER OF MENINGES

A

DURA MATER

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30
Q

INNERMOST LAYER

A

PIA MATER

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31
Q

CIRCULATES AROUND the brain and spinal cord which PROTECTS AND NOURISHES the brain and spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

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32
Q

basic unit in the nervous system

A

NEURONS

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33
Q

NEURONS is a ___________ conductor cell that receives and transmits _______________ nerve impulses

A

specialized, electrochemical

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34
Q

3 Parts of Neurons

A

Cell body
Dendrites and
Axon

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35
Q

2 Types of Neurons

A

Efferent and Afferent

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36
Q

thick extensions that appear like CABLES

A

DENDRITES

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37
Q

its function is to carry nerve impulses INTO the cell body

A

DENDRITES

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38
Q

Neurons that have a single, long dendrites

A

Sensory Neurons

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39
Q

Neurons that have multiple thick dendrites

A

Motor Neurons

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40
Q

it is a long, thin process that carries impulses AWAY from the cell body TO ANOTHER NEURON or tissue

A

AXON

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41
Q

how many axon is/are there per neuron

A

1

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42
Q

2 other term for glial cells

A

Neuroglia or Glia

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43
Q

these are small, NON- EXCITATORY cells that act as SUPPORT TO NEURONS

A

neuroglia

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44
Q

5 FUNCTIONS OF GLIAL CELLS

DMMPP

A

Do not propagate action potentials
Myelinate neurons
Maintain homeostatic balance
Provide structural support
Protect and nourish neurons throughout the nervous system

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45
Q

Oligodendrocytes (CNS) & _______ cells (PNS)
__________ (CNS) & satellite glial cells (PNS)
microglia and _________ cells

A

Schwann, astrocytes and ependymal

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46
Q

phagocytes of the CNS

A

microglia

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47
Q

ventricular system of CNS

A

ependymal cells

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48
Q

these are WHITE SEGMENTED COVERING around axons and dendrites of peripheral neurons FORMED by Schwann Cells, covers the neuron

A

MYELIN SHEATH

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49
Q

MYELIN SHEATH is continuous along axons or dendrites except where?

A

at the point of termination and
at the nodes of Ranvier

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50
Q

is the layer of Schwann cells with a nucleus; it ALLOW damaged nerves to REGENERATE

A

NEURILEMMA

51
Q

Nerves in the brain and spinal cord have neurilemma (TRUE or FALSE)

52
Q

Different types of neurons control or perform different activities. For instance, _____ neurons transmit messages from the brain to the muscles to generate movement. _______ neurons detect light, sound, odor, taste, pressure, and heat and send messages about those things to the brain. Other parts of the nervous
system control involuntary processes

A

motor, sensory

53
Q

3 Types of Neuron

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

54
Q

Multipolar has ___ axon and _______ dendrites; commonly found in the _____ and ______ ____

A

one
several
brain
spinal cord

55
Q

Bipolar has ___ axon and ___ dendrite; they are seen in the ______ of the eye, _____ ___ and
_________ area

A

one
one
retina
inner ear
olfactory

56
Q

It has ONE PROCESS EXTENDING FROM THE CELL BODY; the one process is divided into 2 parts, one acts as axon while the other part functions as dendrite; they are seen in the ______ ____

A

ANSWER: UNIPOLAR

fill in the blank answer: spinal cord

57
Q

PNS is consists of __ pairs of cranial nerves, __ pairs of spinal nerves and a number of small ________ ________ throughout the body called ganglia

A

12, 31, neuronal clusters

58
Q

(True or False) Peripheral nerves CAN BE Sensory or Afferent, Motor or Efferent or mixed depending on what structures they innervate

59
Q

innervates special senses and is found only in afferent fibers

60
Q

supplies everything except special senses

61
Q

innervates the skin and skeletal muscles

62
Q

supplies the internal organs

63
Q

Consists of peripheral nerve fibers that pick up sensory information or sensations from the
peripheral or distant organs like limbs and carry them to the central nervous system

A

Somatic Nervous System

64
Q

consists of motor nerve fibers that come out of the brain and take the messages for
movement and necessary action to the skeletal muscles

65
Q

Involuntary motor control of organs and body functions

A

Autonomic Nervous System

66
Q

a complex network of nerve fibers that innervates the organs within the ABDOMEN like gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, gall bladder and contains nearly 100 MILLION nerves

A

Enteric nervous system (ENS)

67
Q

3 PARTS OF ANS

A

sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and
enteric nervous system (ENS)

68
Q

Specifically designed to transmit message (nerve impulses)

69
Q

contains nucleus

70
Q

toward cell body

71
Q

carries messages to next neuron

A

fiber (process)

72
Q

away from the cell body

73
Q

these neurons take sensory information from the environment and sends the signal to the brain

ex. getting poked with a needle

A

Sensory neurons

74
Q

these neurons communicate information from the BRAIN TO TISSUES AND ORGANS throughout the body, ALLOWING FOR MOVEMENT

A

Motor Neurons

75
Q

these neurons make up the majority of neurons in the body

A

Interneuron

76
Q

neurons that are essentially the “middle man” transmitting information BETWEEN SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONS

A

Interneuron

77
Q

neurons that play a key role in learning, memory and planning

A

Interneuron

78
Q

brains messenger

A

neurotransmitters

79
Q

_________ is for mood regulation, _______, depression, _____ and _________.

A

SEROTONIN, anxiety, sleep, digestion

80
Q

________ is for pleasure, ______, motivation, _____ _______ and reinforcement.

A

DOPAMINE, reward, motor control

81
Q

_________ is for memory and ______ ___________.

A

GLUTAMATE, neuron development

82
Q

_______________ is for stress reactions, ______ and _________.

A

NOREPHINEPHRINE, arousal, attention

83
Q

MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE BRAIN

A

FOREBRAIN, MIDBRAIN and HINDBRAIN

84
Q

helps to regulate movement and process AUDITORY AND VISUAL INFORMATION

85
Q

helps to regulate AUTONOMIC FUNCTIONS, relay SENSORY INFO, COORDINATE MOVEMNT and maintain BALANCE AND EQUILIBRIUM

86
Q

PROCESSES SENSORY INFORMATION, helps with REASONING and PROBLEM SOLVING

87
Q

regulates AUTONOMIC, ENDOCRINE AND MOTOR FUNCTIONS

88
Q

Fight or Flight

A

SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

89
Q

Rest or Digest

A

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

90
Q

controls INVOLUNTARY movements

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

91
Q

controls VOLUNTARY movements

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

92
Q

CNS to muscles and glands

A

MOTOR NEURONS

93
Q

Sensory organs to CNS

A

SENSORY NEURONS

94
Q

Conducts signals to and from the brain, controls reflex activities

A

SPINAL CORD

95
Q

Receives and processes sensory information, intitiates responses, stores, memories generates thoughts and emotions

96
Q

2 Divisions of ANS

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

97
Q

in charge of your body temp, hunger and thirst

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

98
Q

helps you make long term memories

A

HIPPOCAMPUS

99
Q

controls your breathing, heartbeat, facial expressions and more

100
Q

helps you coordinate when you move

A

CEREBELLUM

101
Q

helps you make sense of what your hear

A

TEMPORAL LOBE (auditory)

102
Q

controls the release of most hormones

A

PITUITARY GLAND

103
Q

helps you reason, plan, pay attention and move specific body parts

A

FRONTAL LOBE (Thought process)

104
Q

let you perceive things like touch, taste and pain

A

PARIETAL LOBE (sensory and motor)

105
Q

makes sense of what you see

A

OCCIPITAL LOBE (vision)

106
Q

(True or False) Voluntary motor ability starts in frontal lobe

107
Q

Parts of Spinal Cord

A

Cervical Spine Vertebrae
Thoracic Spine Vertebrae
Lumber Spine Vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx

108
Q

chest muscles and abdominal muscles

A

THORACIC NERVES

109
Q

Leg Muscles

A

LUMBER NERVES

110
Q

Coccyxgeal

111
Q

Bowel, Bladder Sexual Function

A

SACRAL NERVES

112
Q

Head and Neck, Diaphragm, Deltoids and Biceps, Wrist Extenders, Triceps and Hand

A

CERVICAL NERVES

113
Q

this is what connects brain to your spine

A

BRAIN STEM also known as Medula Oblongata

114
Q

where synapse happen

A

Node of Ranvier

115
Q

skin receptors that activates when theres chemical, mechanical, thermal damage outside the skin

A

NOCICEPTORS

116
Q

basic unit of nervous system

117
Q

basic cell

118
Q

supporting cells

A

glial cells

119
Q

kyphosis

A

kuba hunchback

120
Q

lordosis

A

exaggerated inward

121
Q

Brainstem can be divided into:

A

Hindbrain, Midbrain and Diencephalon

122
Q

Diencephalon is divided into:

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

123
Q

line that divides right and left hemisphere of the brain

A

CORPUS CALLOSUM

Neurobiology (1 decks)

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