Module 2: Kingdom Monera Flashcards
Define Pathogen
It’s an organism that causes disease
We use the term pathogen to make the distinction between harmful and beneficial bacteria.
Define Saprophyte
An organism that feels on dead matter
Define Parasite
An organism that feeds on a living host
Define Respiration
The process by which food is converted into useable energy for life functions
Define Aerobic respiration
Respiration that requires oxygen
Define Anaerobic respiration
Respiration that does not require oxygen
Define Steady state
A state in which members of a population die as quickly as new members are born.
Define Conjugation
A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.
Define Plasmid
A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium
Define transformation
The transfer of a “naked” DNA segment from a nonfunctional donor cell to that of a functional recipient cell.
Define endospore
The DNA of a bacterium that is coated with several hard layers.
Define strains
Organisms from the same species that have markedly different traits.
Label all of the important structure on the bacterium below p. 65
Describe the functions of pilus (singular of pili)
Grasp surfaces to help the bacteria adhere to them (as an aid to the sticky capsule), or it grasp other bacteria as part of reproduction (for some bacteria).
Describe the functions of capsule
A capsule surrounds the cell wall.
-Its made up of a sticky substance which helps the bacteria adhere to surfaces.
- Its a protective layer that tends to deter infection-fighting agents.
Describe the functions of cytoplasm
It is a semi fluid substance that exists throughout the interior of a cell, supporting the DNA and the ribosome.
Describe the functions of DNA
DNA holds all of the information required to make this mass of chemicals a living entity.
Describe the functions of ribosome
Ribosomes are chemical factories. They make special chemicals known as proteins.
Describe the functions of plasma membrane
It’s underneath the bacterium’s cell wall is the plasma membrane.
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Describe the functions of flagellum
Locomotion (moving the bacterium from one place to another) is accomplished with the flagellum.
Describe the functions of cell wall
The cell wall holds the contents of the bacterium together and holds the cell into one of tree shapes: spherical, rod-shaped and helical
Tenericutes is a
the phylum for bacteria without cell wall.
Firmicutes contains
all gram-positive bacteria
Gracilicutes contains
all gram-negative bacteria. these are the ones with complex cell walls, because they are able to keep the Gram stain out of the cell’s interior.
Mendosicutes contains
all bacteria with exotic cell walls
What is the most popular form of metabolism among bacteria? xxxxxx
If a bacteria is parasitic, is it heterotrophic or autotrophic? xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
List the 4 modes of reproduction in bacteria and briefly describe each
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Does the population of bacteria typically increase or decrease before it reaches steady state? What about after?
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Even though sexual reproduction among bacteria does not result in offspring, it can significantly affect the population of a bacteria growth. Why?
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What are the technical names of the tree common bacterial shape?
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A bacterium is heterotrophic and Gram-negative. To what phylum and class does it belong?
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A spirillum bacterium is Gram-positive. To what phylum and class does it belong?
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A bacterium has no cell wall. To what phylum and class does it belong?
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What conditions are necessary for most bacteria to grow and reproduce?
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What methods exist for reducing the chance of bacterial contamination of food?
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