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bio > Module 2: Kingdom Monera > Flashcards

Module 2: Kingdom Monera Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pathogen

A

It’s an organism that causes disease

We use the term pathogen to make the distinction between harmful and beneficial bacteria.

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2
Q

Define Saprophyte

A

An organism that feels on dead matter

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3
Q

Define Parasite

A

An organism that feeds on a living host

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4
Q

Define Respiration

A

The process by which food is converted into useable energy for life functions

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5
Q

Define Aerobic respiration

A

Respiration that requires oxygen

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6
Q

Define Anaerobic respiration

A

Respiration that does not require oxygen

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7
Q

Define Steady state

A

A state in which members of a population die as quickly as new members are born.

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8
Q

Define Conjugation

A

A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.

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9
Q

Define Plasmid

A

A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium

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10
Q

Define transformation

A

The transfer of a “naked” DNA segment from a nonfunctional donor cell to that of a functional recipient cell.

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11
Q

Define endospore

A

The DNA of a bacterium that is coated with several hard layers.

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12
Q

Define strains

A

Organisms from the same species that have markedly different traits.

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13
Q

Label all of the important structure on the bacterium below p. 65

A
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14
Q

Describe the functions of pilus (singular of pili)

A

Grasp surfaces to help the bacteria adhere to them (as an aid to the sticky capsule), or it grasp other bacteria as part of reproduction (for some bacteria).

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15
Q

Describe the functions of capsule

A

A capsule surrounds the cell wall.

-Its made up of a sticky substance which helps the bacteria adhere to surfaces.

  • Its a protective layer that tends to deter infection-fighting agents.
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16
Q

Describe the functions of cytoplasm

A

It is a semi fluid substance that exists throughout the interior of a cell, supporting the DNA and the ribosome.

17
Q

Describe the functions of DNA

A

DNA holds all of the information required to make this mass of chemicals a living entity.

18
Q

Describe the functions of ribosome

A

Ribosomes are chemical factories. They make special chemicals known as proteins.

19
Q

Describe the functions of plasma membrane

A

It’s underneath the bacterium’s cell wall is the plasma membrane.

-

20
Q

Describe the functions of flagellum

A

Locomotion (moving the bacterium from one place to another) is accomplished with the flagellum.

21
Q

Describe the functions of cell wall

A

The cell wall holds the contents of the bacterium together and holds the cell into one of tree shapes: spherical, rod-shaped and helical

22
Q

Tenericutes is a

A

the phylum for bacteria without cell wall.

23
Q

Firmicutes contains

A

all gram-positive bacteria

24
Q

Gracilicutes contains

A

all gram-negative bacteria. these are the ones with complex cell walls, because they are able to keep the Gram stain out of the cell’s interior.

25
Q

Mendosicutes contains

A

all bacteria with exotic cell walls

26
Q

What is the most popular form of metabolism among bacteria? xxxxxx

A
27
Q

If a bacteria is parasitic, is it heterotrophic or autotrophic? xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

A
28
Q

List the 4 modes of reproduction in bacteria and briefly describe each

xxxxxxxxxxxx

A
29
Q

Does the population of bacteria typically increase or decrease before it reaches steady state? What about after?

xxxxxxxxxxxx

A
30
Q

Even though sexual reproduction among bacteria does not result in offspring, it can significantly affect the population of a bacteria growth. Why?

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A
31
Q

What are the technical names of the tree common bacterial shape?

xxxxxxxxxxxxx

A
32
Q

A bacterium is heterotrophic and Gram-negative. To what phylum and class does it belong?

xxxxxxxxxxx

A
33
Q

A spirillum bacterium is Gram-positive. To what phylum and class does it belong?

xxxxxxxxxxx

A
34
Q

A bacterium has no cell wall. To what phylum and class does it belong?

xxxxxxxxxx

A
35
Q

What conditions are necessary for most bacteria to grow and reproduce?

xxxx

A
36
Q

What methods exist for reducing the chance of bacterial contamination of food?

xxxxxxxxxxx

A

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