MODULE 2: Introduction To Instrumentation Flashcards
The boundary divides the system from the environment by means of signal
Systems
A useful way representing a system is a block diagram
Systems
The purpose of ______ for making measurements is to give the user a numerical value corresponding to the variable being measured.
Instrumentation system
A measurement system have a input of the true value of the variable being measured and an output measured value of that variable.
Instrumentation system
Is a system which generates information
Process
Is the person who needs this information from the process
Observer
Parts of instrumentation system
- process
- observer
Purpose of instrumentation system
Link the observer to the process
The process of determining the amount, degree or capacity by comparison with the accepted standards of the system units being used.
Measurement
The use of measuring instruments to monitor and control a process.
Instrumentation
A device for determining the value or magnitude of a quantity or variable
Instrument
Types of instrument according to function:
- Indicating instrument
- Recording instrument
- Controlling instrument
Type of instrument: visualizes the process or operation
Indicating instrument
Type of instrument: observe and save the measurement reading.
Recording instrument
Types of instrument: to control measurement and process.
Controlling instrument
Common measured parameters, measured variables or information. Give 5:
Acceleration Velocity Displacement Force-weight Pressure Torque Volume Mass Flow rate Level Density and more
Defined as arrangement of parts with some boundary which work together to provide some form of output from specified inputs.
Systems
Uses of instrument
- Monitoring of processes and operations
- Control of processes and operations
- Experimental engineering analysis
Based on electrical or electronic principles for its measurement functions.
Electronic instrument
Advantages of electronic measurement
- Result high sensitivity rating, the use of amplifier
- Increase the input impedance, thus lower loading effects
- Ability to monitor remote signal
Devices that can detect physical variables such as temperature, light intensity, or motion and have the ability to give measurable output that varies in relation to the amplitude of physical variable.
Sensors
This element takes the output from the sensor and converts it into a form which is suitable for display or onward transmission. One example is the analog-to-digital converter (ADC).
Signal processor
An element which puts the output from the sensor into a suitable form for further processing.
SIGNAL CONDITIONER
Examples of a signal conditioner
- deflection bridge
- amplifier
- oscillator
SIGNAL CONDITIONER
-converts impedance change to voltage change
Deflection bridge
SIGNAL CONDITIONER
- amplifies millivolts to volts
Amplifier
SIGNAL CONDITIONER
-converts an impedance change into variable frequency voltages
Oscillator
Represents the measured value in the form which enables an observer to recognize it.
DATA PRESENTATION
Examples of data presentations are:
- simple pointer
- chart recorder
- visual display unit (VDU)
Devices that are used to control the input variable in response to the signal from a controller.
Actuators
Devices that are used to change the format of a signal without changing the energy form.
CONVERTERS
Element that converts a change in some physical variable into a related change in some other physical variable.
TRANSDUCERS
Componets of instrumentation system: diagram
Input or true value -> sensing element -> signal conditioning element-> Signal processing element -> data presentation element -> output or measured value
