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Physics > Module 2 - Foundations of physics > Flashcards

Module 2 - Foundations of physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 7 base units

A
  1. Temperature (K) - Kelvin
  2. Mass (Kg) -Kilogram
  3. Length (m) - Metre
  4. Time (s) - Second
  5. Current (A) - Ampere
  6. Amount of a Substance (mol) - Mole
  7. Luminous Intensity (cd) -Candela
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2
Q

What is the S.I. Base unit for momentum

A

kg ms⁻¹

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3
Q

What is the S.I. Base unit for density

A

kgm ⁻³

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4
Q

What is Unit Homogeneity

A

Using the units of values in an equation to derive their S.I Base Units.

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5
Q

What are the 10 prefixes listed in the specification

A

Tera (T) = 10¹²
Giga (G) = 10⁹
Mega (M) = 10⁶
kilo (k) = 10³
-
deci (d) = 10⁻¹
centi (c) = 10⁻²
milli (m) = 10 ⁻³
micro (µ) = 10⁻⁶
nano (n) = 10⁻⁹
pico (p) = 10⁻¹²

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6
Q

What are the conventions for labelling table columns

A

1 - There must be a column heading
2 - The must be both a quantity and a unit in the column heading
3 - Quantities must be written in symbols or words
4 - There must be a distinguishing mark between the quantity and the unit (/)

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7
Q

What is meant by the term error

A

An error is the difference between the measured value and the ‘correct result’

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8
Q

What are errors caused by

A

Measuring instruments, or design of experiment

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9
Q

What is meant by a Random Error

A

An error whereby the measurements vary unpredictably

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10
Q

What are 2 causes of Random Errors

A
  • External Factors that are not controlled in the experiment skew the results.
  • Difficulty taking a reading because of the measuring equipment
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11
Q

What is meant by a Systematic Error

A

Erros where measurements differ from the true value by a consistent amount each time.

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12
Q

What are 2 reasons for Sytematic Errors

A

1 - The method in which the measurements are taken is flawed
2 - Faulty measuring devices that cause a ‘zero error’

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13
Q

What is a Zero Onset Error

A

When the reading doesn’t equal zero when the quantity being measured is zero

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14
Q

You can correct Sytematic Error (True/False)

A

True

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15
Q

What is the difference between how numbers are rounded or given in a table as opposed to in calculations

A

In a table, measurements are given to have the same number of decimal places, but in a calculation the measurements are given to the same number of significant figures

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16
Q

What is meant by the term accuracy

A

How close the measurement is to the true value

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17
Q

What is meant by the term precision

A

How close repeated measurements are to each other

18
Q

What is meant by the term Resolution

A

The smallest increment an instrument can measure

19
Q

What is the relationship between instrument increments and resolution

A

small increments - high resolution
large increments - low resolution

20
Q

What is meant by the term Reproducability

A

Testing an experiment multiple times for results that return the same value under similar conditions

21
Q

What is meant by the term Repeatability

A

Testing an experiment multiple times for results that return the same value under the same conditions

22
Q

what is the equation for percentage uncertainty

A

% uncertainty = (absolute uncertainty x 100 / measured value)

23
Q

What is the absolute uncertainty of an instrument that measures length if a range of values are taken.

A

absolute uncertainty = half the range of values.

24
Q

What is the absolute uncertainty of an instrument that measures length if only one measurement is taken or multiple values give the same result.

A

absolute uncertainty = resolution of instrument.

25
Q

When doing calculations involving uncertainties what are the three rules for uncertainty manipulation.

A
  1. when quantities are added there absolute uncertainties are added together.
  2. when quantities are multiplied together there percentage uncertainties are added together.
  3. when a quantity is raised to the power of n the percentage uncertainty is multiplied by n.
26
Q

What are the 5 points graphs are given credit for

A
  1. choice of scales
  2. plotting point
  3. lines of best fit.
  4. calculating gradients
  5. determination of y-intercept
27
Q

Tips for choosing scales

A

Use more frequent intervals that go up by the same quantity.
Dont use scales of prime numbers except 2 and 5

28
Q

Tips for plotting points

A

Use a sharp pencil, and use an x to mark the point with a 1/2 box lenience

29
Q

tips for line of best fit

A

There must be an equal distribution of plotted points above and below the line

30
Q

Calculating Gradients

A

1 - gradient = change in y / change in x
2 - use a triangle that takes up at least half of the line

31
Q

Determining the y-intercept

A

The y-intercept is when x=0, so use the y=mx+c form equation, especially when either axis doesn’t start at 0, and substitue x=0 into the equation.

32
Q

What is the line of worst fit and the 2 different types

A

The line of worst fit shows extreme but still valid trends of data that must go between errorbars. There are 2 types one that is the steepest showing the max garadient and the shallowest that shows the min gradient.

33
Q

What are error bars

A

Graphical representation of absolute uncertainties

34
Q

How to calculate uncertainties from a graph

A

Subtract the gradient of one of the lines of worst fit from the gradient of the line of best fit.

35
Q

What is an uncertainty

A

An interval that we can expect the measured value to lie within.

36
Q

What is a scalar quantity

A

A quantity with a value for only magnitude

37
Q

What is a vector

A

A quantity with a value for both magnitude and direction

38
Q

What are the 6 vector values

A

Acceleration
Velocity
Force
Displacement
Momentum
Weight

39
Q

What is meant by a coplanar Vector

A

A vector that share the same 2d plane as another (Cartesian plane).

40
Q

How would you find the resultant vector of two perpendicular forces

A
  1. Connect the two vectors tip-to-tail.
  2. Connect from the tail of one vector to the tip for the other and to find the magnitude use pythagorean theorem.
41
Q

How would you find the vector of two forces that arent perpendicular to each other

A
  1. Connnect the vectors tip-to-tail
  2. Connect from the tail of one vector to the tip for the other and to find the magnitude use trigonometry
42
Q

How do you resolve a vector into 2 perpendicular vectors (only Applicable in the positive i and postive j quadrant)

A

For the Vertical Vector you use the equation Fy = sin x
For the Horizontal Vector you use the equation Fx = cos x

Physics (10 decks)

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