Module 2: Foundations in Theory Flashcards
Four phases of the nurse-patient relationship according to Peplau
- pre-orientation phase
- orientation phase
- working phase
- termination phase
Pre-orientation phase
-each member of the dyad (nurse-patient) are getting to know each other.
Orientation phase
-dyad (nurse-patient) working at developing goals for the interaction
(long-term or short-term)
Working phase
- actual work of therapy
- resolution occurs; coping skills mastered; teaching occurs
Termination phase
-early to start termination process early on in therapy–letting the client know there is a beginning, middle, and end to the therapy work.
Theories used within Psychiatry
- Developmental
- Psychoanalytic
- Humanistic
- Cognitive Behavioral
- Behavioral
Erikson’s 8 Stages of Development
- Infancy
- Toddler
- Pre-School
- School Age
- Adolescence
- Early Adulthood
- Middle Adulthood
- Late Adulthood
Infancy
0-18 months
Trust vs. Mistrust
Toddler
18 months-3 years
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Pre-School
3-6 years
Initiative vs. Guilt
School Age
7-11 years
Industry vs. Inferiority
Adolescence
12-18 years
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Early Adulthood
19-28 years
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Middle Adulthood
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Late Adulthood
61-death
Integrity vs. Despair
Freudian 6 Psychosexual stages of Development
- Oral (birth–12 mos or longer)
- Anal (ages 1-3 yrs)
- Phallic (ages 3-6 yrs)
- Oedipus complex (ages 4-6 yrs)
- Latency (ages 6-12 yrs)
- Genital (ages 12-18 yrs)
Freud’s Ego, Id, Superego
Superego: moral compass; societal norms
Ego: the middle; what is available for psychotherapy
Id: at bottom; below surface, can’t see it; instincts and drives
Psychoanalytic theory and the Nurse-Patient Relationship
- Transference
- Countertransference
- Interpersonal
Transference
patient projects onto the nurse feelings, emotions, actions as if they were interacting with someone from their past
Countertransference
feelings of the nurse (or actions) toward the patient
Interpersonal
- Harry Stack Sullivan
- emphasized the importance of interpersonal relationships and interpersonal relations as a vehicle for healing within a therapeutic relationship
- proposed that interpersonal relations were more important than Freudian psychoanalytic theories and concept of the id
Roger’s Humanistic Theory
Person oriented psychotherapy:
- congruence
- unconditional acceptance and positive regard
- empathetic understanding
Congruence
therapist is accepting of the patient and consistent–looking at what issues the patient is bringing to therapy
Cognitive Theory
Aaron Beck
- How people feel and behave is shaped by how they think about the world and their place in it.
- cognitions: way of thinking
- schemata: scenario patient sets up in their mind about certain situation
- therapy is based on challenging negative cognitions
Behavioral Theory and Therapy
-looks at how behaviors can be changed and modified w/o insight into what causes behaviors
- operant conditioning
- reinforcement (negative and positive)
- extension of behavioral theory (modeling, operant conditioning, systematic desensitization)
Operant conditioning
the positive reinforcement for rewarding behaviors that you want to instill in a person