Module 2: Foundations in Theory

Question 1

Four phases of the nurse-patient relationship according to Peplau

Answer 1

• pre-orientation phase
• orientation phase
• working phase
• termination phase

Question 2

Pre-orientation phase

Answer 2

-each member of the dyad (nurse-patient) are getting to know each other.

Question 3

Orientation phase

Answer 3

-dyad (nurse-patient) working at developing goals for the interaction
(long-term or short-term)

Question 4

Working phase

Answer 4

• actual work of therapy

- resolution occurs; coping skills mastered; teaching occurs

Question 5

Termination phase

Answer 5

-early to start termination process early on in therapy–letting the client know there is a beginning, middle, and end to the therapy work.

Question 6

Theories used within Psychiatry

Answer 6

1. Developmental
2. Psychoanalytic
3. Humanistic
4. Cognitive Behavioral
5. Behavioral

Question 7

Erikson’s 8 Stages of Development

Answer 7

1. Infancy
2. Toddler
3. Pre-School
4. School Age
5. Adolescence
6. Early Adulthood
7. Middle Adulthood
8. Late Adulthood

Question 8

Infancy

Answer 8

0-18 months

Trust vs. Mistrust

Question 9

Toddler

Answer 9

18 months-3 years

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Question 10

Pre-School

Answer 10

3-6 years

Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 11

School Age

Answer 11

7-11 years

Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 12

Adolescence

Answer 12

12-18 years

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Question 13

Early Adulthood

Answer 13

19-28 years

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Question 14

Middle Adulthood

Answer 14

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Question 15

Late Adulthood

Answer 15

61-death

Integrity vs. Despair

Question 16

Freudian 6 Psychosexual stages of Development

Answer 16

1. Oral (birth–12 mos or longer)
2. Anal (ages 1-3 yrs)
3. Phallic (ages 3-6 yrs)
4. Oedipus complex (ages 4-6 yrs)
5. Latency (ages 6-12 yrs)
6. Genital (ages 12-18 yrs)

Question 17

Freud’s Ego, Id, Superego

Answer 17

Superego: moral compass; societal norms
Ego: the middle; what is available for psychotherapy
Id: at bottom; below surface, can’t see it; instincts and drives

Question 18

Psychoanalytic theory and the Nurse-Patient Relationship

Answer 18

• Transference
• Countertransference
• Interpersonal

Question 19

Transference

Answer 19

patient projects onto the nurse feelings, emotions, actions as if they were interacting with someone from their past

Question 20

Countertransference

Answer 20

feelings of the nurse (or actions) toward the patient

Question 21

Interpersonal

Answer 21

• Harry Stack Sullivan
• emphasized the importance of interpersonal relationships and interpersonal relations as a vehicle for healing within a therapeutic relationship
• proposed that interpersonal relations were more important than Freudian psychoanalytic theories and concept of the id

Question 22

Roger’s Humanistic Theory

Answer 22

Person oriented psychotherapy:

• congruence
• unconditional acceptance and positive regard
• empathetic understanding

Question 23

Congruence

Answer 23

therapist is accepting of the patient and consistent–looking at what issues the patient is bringing to therapy

Question 24

Cognitive Theory

Aaron Beck

Answer 24

• How people feel and behave is shaped by how they think about the world and their place in it.
• cognitions: way of thinking
• schemata: scenario patient sets up in their mind about certain situation
• therapy is based on challenging negative cognitions

Question 25

Behavioral Theory and Therapy

Answer 25

-looks at how behaviors can be changed and modified w/o insight into what causes behaviors

• operant conditioning
• reinforcement (negative and positive)
• extension of behavioral theory (modeling, operant conditioning, systematic desensitization)

Question 26

Operant conditioning

Answer 26

the positive reinforcement for rewarding behaviors that you want to instill in a person