Module 2- Food and Health Flashcards
Define Nutrition.
Nutrition is nourishment- the nutrients and energy needed for health and growth.
Define a Balanced diet?
A balanced diet is one that contains all nutrients required for health in appropriate proportions.
Define Obesity.
Obesity is when a person is 20% or more heavier than the average weight for their height.
What are the 7 components to a balanced diet?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water and Fibre or Roughage.
What is the purpose of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are our main source of energy.
What are Proteins used for within the body?
These are essential for growth and repair of muscle and other body tissues.
What are Fats used for within the body?
These are essential as a source of energy and are also important in cell membranes waterproofing, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and many other roles.
What are Vitamins used for within the body?
These play an important role in the chemical processes taking place inside cells. Some are water-soluble and some fat-soluble.
What are Minerals used for within the body?
These are inorganic elements occurring in the body that are essential to its normal functions.
What is Water used for within the body?
This is essential to body function. It is used in transport in substances around the body and as main component of the body. About 60% of the human body is water.
What is Fibre used for within the body?
This is the indigestible part of our food, and is essential for healthy functioning of the digestive.
How does Obesity occur within the body?
Obesity is caused by consuming too much energy. This excess energy is deposited as fat in the adipose tissues.
At what point are you considered clinically obese?
When you have a BMI of over 30.
How do you calculate Body Mass Index (BMI)?
Mass in kg/ Height in m^2
Name 6 health risks caused by Obesity.
Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 diabetes, Gallstones, Osteoarthritis, and High Blood pressure (Hypertension).
What components of the diet are said to help reduce the risk of CHD?
Dietary fibre, moderate alcohol consumption and eating oily fish all seem to be beneficial.
Name three components of the diet that increase the risk of CHD.
Salts, Fats (lipids) and Cholesterol.
Explain how excess salt in your diet increases your risk of developing CHD
Excess salt in your diet will decrease the water potential of your blood. As a result more water is held in the blood and blood pressure increases. This can lead to Hypertension- which can damage the inner lining of the arteries which is an early sign of atherosclerosis.
Explain how excess fat in your diet increases your risk of developing CHD.
Animal fats tend to be saturated and plant fats tend to be unsaturated. Having too many saturated fats in your diet increases the risk atherosclerosis through the deposition of fatty substances in the arterial linings.
Explain how excess cholesterol in your diet increases your risk of developing CHD.
Cholesterol is found in many foods and is often associated with saturated fats in meat, eggs and dairy products. High blood cholesterol has been linked to 45-47% of deaths from coronary heart disease.
What should the concentration of cholesterol in the blood be?
The concentration of cholesterol in the blood should be maintain BELOW 5.2mmmol dm
Define lipoproteins.
Lipoproteins are a combination of lipid, cholesterol and protein used to transport fats and cholesterol around the body.
How many types of lipoprotein are there?
High density lipoprotein (HDL), and Low density lipoprotein (LDL).
What is HDL produced by?
HDLS are produced by the combination of unsaturated fats, cholesterol and protein.