Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 2 > Module 2 Exam (With simple card editor) > Flashcards

Module 2 Exam (With simple card editor) Flashcards

1
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

-ALL-Could also possibly be AML M0-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? Sig+, CD5+, Cyclin D1+, CD20+, CD10-, CD23-, BCL6-, MUM1-

A

-Mantle cell lymphoma-(Aberrant CD5 and Cyclin D1 expression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

CLL-Lymphocytosis-Smear cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the treatment for APML?

A

ATRA and arsenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the main genetic cause of Burkitt lymphoma?

A

-Lost regulation of c-myc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Outline clinical presentation of MDS

A

-Signs of bone marrow failure-fatigue, infections, easy bruising-Bone marrow hypercellular-Cytopenia (a dysplastic change of a particular lineage causes the cytopenia of that lineage, i.e anaemia in erythroid dysplasia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD45+, CD13+, CD33+, CD117+, CD34+, HLA-DR+, CD19-, Tdt-

A

-AML M0/M1/M2-CD34+, HLA-DR+, (Both markers of immaturity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

-What viruses can cause infectious mononucleosis?

A

EBV and CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What disease does this blood film show?

A

CML, in chronic phaseMyelocytes and basophils can be prewent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Outline the pathophysiology of CML

A

-Translocation occurs between chromosome 9 and 22, forming BCR-ABL1 fusion gene-BCR-ABL1 molecule is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase-Causes downstream activation of oncogenes, such as JAK, PI3K and RAS-Leading to increased proliferation, survival and clonal expansion of cells with the initial t(9;22) mutation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Outline the clinical presentation of Adult T-cell laeukaemia/lymphoma (ATL)

A

-Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus 1 (HTLV-1)-Hypercalcaemia-Skin rash-Other things pertaining to ALL or NHL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does Multiple myeloma lead to bone weakness?

A

-Multilpe myeloma (MM) cells overproduce RANK ligand-Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is downregulated (MM endocytosis)-Leads to activation of osteoclasts-MM cels produce Dkk-1 which inhibit osteoblasts-produces sclerostin, which inhibits osteoblasts-Imbalance of osteoblast/osteoclast activity leads to osteolytic lesions and bone weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Case: A 51 year old woman was admitted to hospital showing: Asthenia(weakness), anorexia, weight loss. No significant findings on physical examination. Haemoglobin 83, WBC 6.5, platelets: 245. ESR 138 (high). IgA 14.1(high). Creatine 290 (high). See serum protein electrophoresis. CD38+, CD56+. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Multiple myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Outline the causes of Marginal zone lymphoma

A

-Hep C-H pylori-Autoimmune causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD30+, CD15+, CD79a-, SmIg-, CD45-, CD34-, Tdt-

A

Hodgkin lymphoma(CD30+, CD15+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What disease oes this immunophenotype suggest?CD45-, no SCC, CD19-, CD33+, CD7-, CD13+

A

-AML M0-M1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

Multiple myeloma-Characteristic, pushed off to one side, extended cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the viruses that can contribute to lymphoma?

A

EBV (Burkitt, Hodgkin)HHV8 (ATLL)Hep C (Marginal zone lymphoma)HIV (Hodgkin, High grade B-cell lymphoma)Hep B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the most common cytogenetic abnormalities associated with ALL?

A

-High hyperdiploidy (good prognosis)-t(12;21)/ETV6-RUNX1 (Childhood, Good prognosis)-t(9;22)/BCR-ABL1/Ph (older adults, bad prognosis)-11q23 rearrangements/KMT2A (infants, bad prognosis)-t(1;19)/TCF-PBX1-T-ALL: t(10;14)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Imatinib?

A

-Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor-It binds to the ATP binding site of BCR-ABL1, preventing ATP from binding and donating it’s phosphate.-Therefore no activation of oncogenic proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

Mantle cell lymphoma-Characteristic morphology?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Outline the main subtypes of myelodysplastic syndrome

A

-Single lineage dysplasia-Erythroid dysplasia-Granulocytic dysplasia-Megakaryocytic dysplasia-Multiple lineage dysplasia-Adult-Childhood-Ring Sideroblasts (Single lineage erythroid dysplasia)-5q deletion-Excess blasts-Excess blasts type 1 (5-9% blasts)-Excess blasts type 2 (10-19% blasts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What genes are involved in multiple myeloma?

A

-IGH gene can be fused with:-Cyclin D1-MMSET gene-Maf-All leading to overproduction of Ig? (I think lol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the myeloid maturation sequence

A

Myeloblast,Promyelocyte,Myelocyte,Metamyelocyte,Band,granulocyte (e.g Neutrophil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What blood parameters are associated with CML?

A

-High white cell count-Anaemia (Sometimes)-platelets can be either high or low (Mostly high)-Basophiliia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What disease does this immunophenotype suggest? CD8-, CD4+, CD7-, CD3+, CD25+, CD5+, CD19-, CD34-, Tdt-

A

-Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL)-CD25+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe the typical blood film of multiple myeloma

A

-Plasma cells (lymphocytes with extended cytoplasm, usually shifted in one direction.-Granulation with pale are of ‘golgi zone’-Roleaux formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Case: See blood film. Immunophenotype: CD19+, CD5+, CD79b+/-, CD20+, CD2+/-, CD22+. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

-CLL -Smear cells, lymphocytosis -CD5+, CD79b+,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the nucleated cells here?

A

Nucleated red cells/erythroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the main clinical presentation of CML?

A

-weight loss, low grade fever and abdominal enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the characteristic feature of multiple myeloma in a bone marrow aspirate?

A

> 10% plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

outline the pathophysiology of AML M2

A

RUNX1-RUNX1T fusion causes the ineffectiveness of CBFalphaThis leads to decreased differentation and maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD45+, CD34+, Tdt+, CD20-, CD22-, CD10-, CD19-, CD7+, CD3+, CD2+, CD13-, CD33-, cytoplasmic m-.

A

T-ALL (T acute lymphoblastic leukaemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD19+, CD20+, CD22+, CD79a+, CD79b+, BCL6+, CD10+(/-), Tdt-, Sig+, CD5-, CD23-, MUM1-, Monoclonal mature IgM (based on kappa:Lambda)

A

-Burkitt lymphoma.-Monoclonal mature IgM (kappa 75% of cases/lambda 25% of cases)-BCL6+ (maintains cells at germinal centre stage of development)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What disease does this lymph node histology suggest?

A

-ATLL-Large T lymphocytes-Reactive cell population (most likely eosinophils)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the most common cytogenetic abnormalities associated with MDS

A

-Del(11q) or –Y (Very good prognosis)-Normal karyotype or del(5q) (Good prognosis)-Del(7q) or double independent clones (intermediate)-Inv(3) or double including -7 or 1del(7q) (Poor prognosis)-Complex: >3 abnormalities (Very poor prognosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Case: 66 year old woman, 2 week history of fatigue and pallor. Full blood count showing pancytopenia: Hb 98, WBC 4, platelets 16. No family history. No hepatomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Abdominal CT, mild splenomegaly. Blood film, immature granulocytes, occasional circulating blasts, with granules. Flow cytometry: High FSC, low SCC, cCD79, MPO-, HLA-DR+, CD34+, CD19+, CD20(mostly -), CD10+, CD38-, CD19+, CD45+/-, Tdt+, CD33-, CD13 (mostly-). What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

-CLL, B-lineage.-granules rule out MDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Case: See blood film: Immunophenotype: high FCC, moderate SCC. CD19+, CD5-, CD79b+, CD20+, CD2+/-, CD22+, CD23-, CD10+, monoclonal Ig (Lambda:kappa). t(14;18). What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Follicular lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Herpes zoster can increase incidence of:

A

-CLL or Hodgkin lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The white cell shown is:

A

A normal large granular lymphocyte.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the normal range of haemoglobin?

A

-Male: 130-180 g/L-Female: 115-165 g/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What disease does the following lymph node histology suggest?

A

-Hodgkin lymphoma-Sclerosis-Reed-sternberg cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD45+, CD34+, Tdt+, CD20+, CD22+, CD10(+/-), CD19+, CD7-, CD3-, CD13-, CD33-, cytoplasmic m+.

A

B-ALL, specifically PreB-ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

-ATLL-Pleomorphism. Flower cell morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

How does multiple myeloma cause kidney failure?

A

Excess Ig (normally IgG) leads toprecipitation of light chains in the renal tubules of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What haematologial malignancy is Coxiella Burnetti linked to?

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest

A

-Large cell lymphoma-large and pleomorphic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What disease does this immunophenotype suggest? Large FCC, large SCC, CD117-, CD3-, CD34-, HLA-DR-, CD13+, CD33+, CD45+, CD14-

A

CML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

-Burkitt lymphoma-mature blasts, with no granules (lymphoid cells)-Characteristic prominent vacuolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Outline presentation of MALT lymphoma

A

-Extranodal sites-Caused by infection (H. Pylori) or autoimmune causes (Coeliacs)-Immunophenotype: SIg+, CD20+, CD5-, CD10-, CD23+/-, BCL6-, MUM1+/–Cytogenetics: t(11;18). Activation of NFkB pathway.

51
Q

Hypogranular neutrophil, blast cell, stomatocytes. Most likely diagnosis?

A

MDS

52
Q

This white cell shows what?

A

Toxic granulation and vacuolisation.

53
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD7-, CD13-, CD19-, CD33+, HLA-DR-, CD117+, CD15-, CD34+

A

-AML M3 (APML)-Could also be AML M0, M1, M2

54
Q

What is the typical presentation of multiple myeloma?

A

-Back pain-Fatigue, pallor (anaemia)-Infections (eg pneumonia)-Signs of acute renal failure (polydipsia)

55
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD11c+, CD103+

A

Hairy cell leukaemia (A type of CLL)

56
Q

The white cell shown is:

A

An eosinophil

57
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of CLL?

A

-Lymphadenopathy-features of anaemia (fatigue, pallor)-Bruising/purpura from thrombocytopenia-rarely hepatosplenomegaly-Features of immune suppression (Infection)

58
Q

What is the normal range of red cell count?

A

-Male: 4.5-6.5 1012/L-Female: 3.8-4.8 1012/L

59
Q

What haematological malignancy can coeliacs lead to?

A

-(non-hodgkin), of M.A.L.T lymphoma,

60
Q

What are the most common cytogenetic abnormalities associated with CLL?

A

-Del(6q)-Trisomy 12-Del(13q)/miR-15a-Del(13q)/retinoblastoma gene-Del(17p)/TP53 loss-Del(11q)/ATM

61
Q

What disease does this blood film show?

A

CML(Left shift)Myelocyte > promyelocyte > metamyelocyte > Band forms

62
Q

What kind of white cell is this?

A

Atypical lymphocyte-Minimal chromatin condensation, lots of cytoplasm-Large cell with no granulation

63
Q

Describe the typical laboratory findings of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

-Normochromic, normocytic anaemia (without later bone marrow involvement)-neutrophilia (1/3 of patients)-ESR raised, CRP raised.-Raised serum LDH

64
Q

What disease is associated with a bone marrow trephine biopsy showing a marked increase in marrow lymphocytes, a nodular pattern of lymphoid accumulation and interstitial infiltration?

A

CLL

65
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

-MDS-White cells showing psudeo-pelger cells, agranular myelocytes an neutrophils-Red cells are usually macrocytic but can be hypochromic.-Granulocytes reduced in number and show lack of granulation-Pelger abnormality (single or bilobed nucleus)-Platelets unusual (usually reduced)

66
Q

Case: A 38 year old woman of Caribbean origin. Rash of several years duration. Family history of ‘leukaemia’. Shortly before she had developed marked cervical lymphadenopathy and hypercalcaemia. Her skin showed plaque-like infiltrates. Flow cytometry: High SCC, CD2+, CD5+, CD7-, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, CD71. She had also recently broken her clavicle

A

ATLL’Contagious leukaemia’

67
Q

What is the most prominent cytogenetic abnormality associated with Burkitt lymphoma?

A

-t(8;14) C-MYC and IgH locus (90%)-Other translocations of chromosome 8

68
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

-MDS-Mononuclear megakaryocyte-Red cells are usually macrocytic but can be hypochromic.-Granulocytes reduced in number and show lack of granulation-Pelger abnormality (single or bilobed nucleus)-Platelets unusual (usually reduced)

69
Q

What is the main translocation associated with Burkitt lymphoma?

A

t(8;14) MYC and IgH locus (90%)(Or others involving chromosome 8)

70
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

-One of the myelodysplastic syndromes -Hypogranular neutrophil -blast cell -stomatocytes

71
Q

Outline the clinical presentation of Burkitt lymphoma

A

-Painless lymphadenopathy, normally on jaw or abdomen-History of Epstein Barr virus-Can affect abdominal organs (Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma)-Signs of pancytopenia in advanced disease

72
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

-Follicular lymphoma-Cleft/coffee bean/butt cells pathognomonic

73
Q

What are the main cytogenetic abnormalities associated with multiple myeloma?

A

-Del(13q)-mutations of telomere end of chromosome 14q32 (location of heavy chains, IgH)-eg. t(4;14) IGH-MMSET1

74
Q

Describe the typical blood count of a patient with CLL

A

-Lymphocytosis-Anaemia-Thrombocytopenia

75
Q

What disease is the following karyotype associated with? 46, XX, inv(16)(p13q22)

A

AML M4

76
Q

What are the main sub-types of CLL?

A

-CLL-Prolymphocytic leukaemia (PLL)-Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL)-Plasma cell leukaemia-T cell:-Large granular lymphocytic leukaemia-T-PLL-ATLL (Can be classed as a type of CLL or lymphoma)

77
Q

What is the normal range of white cell count?

A

3.6-11.0 109/L

78
Q

What is the clinical presentation of CML (symptoms and signs)?

A

-Fatigue-Night sweats-Malaise and weight loss-Left upper quadrant pain-Splenomegaly-Less common (in advanced diseas)-Bone pain-Lymphadenopathy-Skin infiltration-Extra medullary mass

79
Q

What is the major complication of CLL?

A

-Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: shown by spherocytes and polychromasia-Direct antiglobulin test would be positive

80
Q

What bacteria can contribute to the development of lymphoma?

A

Helicobacter pylori (MALT lymphoma)Campylobacter jejuniMycobacterium tuberculosisBorrelia burdorferiChlamydophila psittaci

81
Q

Outline the treatment for ATLL

A

Interferon and zidovudine. It’s as good as chemotherapy

82
Q

What is the normal range of platelet count?

A

140-400 109/L

83
Q

Outline the clinical presentation of Hodkin lymphoma

A

-Painless lymphadenopathy, more often localised to a single nodal site-Splenomegaly-History of Epstein Barr virus or HIV-1-Consitutional symptoms in widespread disease: weight loss, night sweats, weight loss, etc.

84
Q

What disease does the following lymph node histology suggest?

A

-Hodgkin lymphoma-Sclerosis-Reed-sternberg cells

85
Q

Which is the most common haematological malignancy in children?

A

ALL

86
Q

What are the genes most commonly involved in CLL?

A

-P53 (bad prognosis)-Retinoblastoma gene (bad prognosis)-MiR15a-ATM gene-Loss of P53/del(17p) (bad prognosis)

87
Q

A child with mediastinal mass. Most likely diagnosis?

A

-T-ALL(thymus enlargement)

88
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

-MDS-Monocytoid cells and an agranular neutrophil-Red cells are usually macrocytic but can be hypochromic.-Granulocytes reduced in number and show lack of granulation-Pelger abnormality (single or bilobed nucleus)-Platelets unusual (usually reduced)

89
Q

What is the main cytogenetic abnormality associated with follicular lymphoma?

A

t(14;18) involving BCL-2 gene (Causing abberrant expression)

90
Q

What disease does this lymph node histology suggest?

A

-Mantle cell lymphoma-Characteristic deformed pattern of small lymphocytes with angular nuclei-Expression of cyclin D1 can also show up-Located in mantle zone

91
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD45+, CD34-, CD2-, CD13+, CD33+, CD117+, CD235a/Glycophorin+, CD19-

A

-AML M6 acute erythroid leukaemia-CD235a/Glycophorin (erythroid marker)

92
Q

In what disease may CAR-T cell therapy be effective?

A

-B-ALL(Specific for CD19)

93
Q

Describe the typicalblood count of a non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

-In advanced disease there may be anaemia, neutropenia or thrombocytopenia

94
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of APML

A

-PML-RARA fusion protein binds NCoR-HD complex-This leads to inhibition of transcription and in turn a block in cell differentiation-Retinoic acid is unable to exert it’s effect of continuing transcription

95
Q

Describe how t(12;21) leads to ALL

A

-RUNX1 encodes CBFalpha, which binds to HAT (Activating transcription)-In ETV6-RUNX1 fusion, the protein cannot bind to HAT.-Therefore transcription is not activated

96
Q

What disease does this immunophenotype suggest? CD45-, no SCC, CD10 (mostly+), CD19+, CD34(mostly+), CD5-, HLA-DR(+/-)

A

B-ALL

97
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

AML-M2. 1 Aur rod present

98
Q

Outline the symptoms of acute lymphoblastic/Myeloid leukaemia.

A

Fever, sweats, weight loss-Caused by Bone marrow failure:-tiredness, bruising and bleeding, infections/sepsis-Caused by tissue infiltration-Pulmonary infiltrates -> Shortness of breath, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, gum hypertrophy-

99
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD13+, CD33+, CD117+, CD7-, CD2- CD34-, CD41+, CD42+, CD61+.

A

-AML M7. Acute myeloid megakaryoblastic leukaemia-CD41+, CD42+, CD61+ are platelet antigens.

100
Q

Describe the typical node biopsy of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

-Sclerosis-Reed-Sternberg cells/Owl cells

101
Q

What disease does this lymph node histology (with BCL-6 staining) suggest?

A

-Follicular lymphoma-Germinal centre cell origin-BCL-6 stain +ve-Also BCL-2 stain +ve in follicles-Also diffuselyCD10 +ve

102
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD19-, CD20- CD34-, Tdt- CD38+, CD138+, SIg-, CD7-, CD3-

A

-Multiple myeloma-CD38, CD138 classic plasma cell markers-MM cells don’t have SIg

103
Q

What is the difference between MGUS, smouldering myeloma and multiple myeloma?

A

-MGUS:-Monoclonal serum protein: <30g/L-BM plasma cells: <10% of BM cells-Multiple Myeloma-Monoclonal serum protein: >/=30g/L-BM plasma cells: >10% of BM cells-Smouldering myeloma:-Is just asymptomatic multiple myeloma

104
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

-CLL-Lymphocytosis, smear cells, thrombocytopenia

105
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD45+, CD34+, Tdt+, CD20+, CD22+, CD10+, CD19+, CD7-, CD3-, CD13-, CD33-, cytoplasmic m-

A

B-ALL

106
Q

What are the lab findings associated with multiple myeloma?

A

-Calcium raised-Renal impairment (raised creatinine)-Anaemia (reduced Hb)-Bone lesions (osteolytic) on x-ray-monoclonal protein >/=30mg/L-Abnormal immunoglobulins on electrophoresis (Monoclonal gammopathy). Excessive amounts of gammaglobulin-increased serum immunoglobulin-free light chains-Increased ESR

107
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

ALL -Could also possibly be AML M0-1

108
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD13+, CD33+, CD117+, CD15+, CD11c+, CD14+, CD64+, CD34-, CD19-, CD22-, Tdt-

A

-AML M5 acute myeloid monocytic leukaemia-CD15, CD11c, CD14, CD64 are monocyte markers

109
Q

What is the main cytogenetic abnormality associated with Mantle Cell lymphoma?

A

t(11;14), Cyclin D1 overexpression (also TP53 mutation)

110
Q

What is the typical immunophenotype of AML?

A

CD13+, CD33+, CD117+, -CD 34+ (if immature cells)

111
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD45+, CD34+, Tdt+, CD20+, CD22+, CD10-, CD19+, CD7-, CD3-, CD13-, CD33-, cytoplasmic m-

A

B-ALL, specifically ProB-ALL

112
Q

What disease does this lymph node histology (with cyclin D1 stain) suggest?

A

-Mantle cell lymphoma-expression of cyclin D1-Located in mantle zone-Characteristic deformed pattern of small lymphocytes with angular nuclei

113
Q

Outline the treatment of Multiple myeloma

A

-Steroids-Alkylating agents (melphalan)-Adds alkyl group to guanine residues, blocks replication, causes lymphopenia.-Proteosome inhibitors-proteosome required for protein degredation into oligopeptides/amino acids.-Blocking proteasome leads to decreased amino acids in cell, leading to decreased protein synthesis-Effective in MM as there is lots of protein production-Monoclonal Abs (daratumumab: anti CD38 antibody)-Immunomodulatory drugs (IMIDS)

114
Q

What disease does the following immunophenotype suggest? CD34-, Tdt-, CD19+, CD20+,CD23+, CD5+, CD13-, CD33-, CD7-, CD10-, CD79b-, light chain restriction (large disparity between Lambda:kappa)

A

CLL-Not to be confused with mantle celllymphoma (CD23-, Cyclin D1+)

115
Q

What is the typical immunophenotype of AML M0?

A

CD13+, CD33+, CD117+, CD34+, HLA-DR+, CD7-, CD19-

116
Q

What complications can arise from TKI therapy?

A

-Renal impairment-Nausea and vomiting-Pancytopenia-Pleural effusion (From dasatinib)

117
Q

What is the main translocation associated with CML?

A

t(9;22)/BCR-ABL1/Philadelphia chromosome

118
Q

What diseases are caused by Epstein-Barr Virus?

A

-Burkitt’s lymphoma-Hodgkin lymphoma

119
Q

Presentation of tonsillar enlargement and cervical lymphadenopathy. Atypical lymphocytes and atypical mononuclear cells on blood film. Most likely diagnosis?

A

infectious mononucleosis.

120
Q

What disease does this blood film suggest?

A

Multiple myeloma-Plasma cell. Paler area is golgi zone.-Roleux formation

121
Q

Describe the typical blood count of a patient with ALL

A

-Anaemia-Thrombocytopenia-Neutropenia

122
Q

What disease does this immunophenotype suggest? SIg+, CD20+, CD5-, CD10+, CD23+/-, BCL6+, MUM1-

A

-Follicular lymphoma (NHL)-CD10+ main give away

123
Q

What disease does this lymph node histology suggest?

A

-Burkitt lymphoma-Germinal centre cell-‘starry sky appearance’

124
Q

What disease does this immunophenotype suggest? CD45+, some SCC, Tdt-, MPO+, CD13+, CD33+, CD117+, CD34-, HLA-DR-, CD2(+/-)

A

-APML-Suggested by abberant T-cell marker expression

Module 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions