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Kine > Module 2: Chemistry > Flashcards

Module 2: Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Potential Energy

A

Energy that is stored and held in readiness

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2
Q

What are some examples of the different types of energy?

A

Chemical

Thermal

Nuclear

Potential

Kinetic

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3
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy due to motion

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4
Q

Nuclear Energy

A

The energy that holds together protons and neutrons within the nucleus of an atom together.

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5
Q

Electrical Energy

A

Energy caused by the movement of electrons.

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6
Q

Chemical Energy

A

Potential energy stored in chemical bonds

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7
Q

Thermal Energy

A

Heat energy.

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8
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change form.

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9
Q

When do chemical reactions occur?

A

When chemical bonds are formed, rearranged, or broken.

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10
Q

What are 4 examples of the different types of chemical reactions.

A

Synthesis

Decomposition

Exchange

Single displacement

etc

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11
Q

Synthesis Rxn

A

Putting molecules together.

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12
Q

Decomposition Reaction

A

Breaking molecules apart.

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13
Q

Exchange Reaction

A

Synthesis and decomposition rxns for the purpose of switching over molecules.

Ex: ATP —> ADP

  • Glucose gets the extra Phosphate group
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14
Q

Single Displacement Reaction

A

When one element replaces another element in a compound.

A+BC->AC+B

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15
Q

Exergonic Reaction

A

Reaction that releases energy

(Energy EXITS)

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16
Q

Endergonic Reaction

A

Reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings.

(Energy ENTERS)

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17
Q

Redox Reactions

A

Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants

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18
Q

Reducing agent

A

The electron donor in a redox reaction.

It DONATES an electron and becomes OXIDIZED since it becomes more positive without the electron

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19
Q

Oxidizing Agent

A

The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.

It ACCEPTS an electron and becomes REDUCED since it becomes more negative with the electron

20
Q

Biochemistry

A

The study of chemical composition (substances) and reactions (processes) of living matter.

21
Q

What are some examples on Inorganic compounds?

A

Water, salts, acids and bases

22
Q

Inorganic

A

Doesn’t have carbon

23
Q

Organic

A

Contains carbon

(Exceptions: CO2 and CO)

24
Q

Salts

A

Electrically neutral ionic compounds that do not contain H+ or OH-.

Dissolve in H2O and conduct electrical currents

Electrolytes

25
Q

Acids

A

Compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. They want OH-.

Proton doners

26
Q

Bases

A

Compounds that break into OH- ions in water. They want H+.

Proton acceptors

27
Q

What are carbohydrates, lipids, and protein all an example of?

A

Organic compounds

28
Q

What 3 elements do Carbohydrates contain.

A

C,H,O

Sometimes Phosphorus (P)

29
Q

Carbohydrates function

A

Main source of energy

Store by joining together in long chains

30
Q

Monosaccarides

A

Monomers of carbohydrates (simple sugars)

glucose, fructose, galactose

31
Q

Hextose sugars

A

Carbohydrates that have 6 carbons.

Glucose, fructose, galactose.

32
Q

Pentose sugurs

A

Carbohydrates that have 5 carbons

Deoxyribose and Ribose

33
Q

Disaccharidases

A

Two monosaccharides.

Lactose, Sucrose, and Maltose

34
Q

Lactose

A

Glucose and Galactose

35
Q

Sucrose

A

Fructose and Glucose

36
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose and Glucose

37
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Long chain of linked monosaccharides.

Ex: Glycogen

38
Q

Lipids

A

Organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but unlike carbohydrates, they will not dissolve in water.

The Oxygen is lower than that in carbohydrates.

Some Phosphorus (P)

Energy source, other uses (structural, hormones,

vitamins)

18-25% of body mass (In general)

39
Q

Triglyceride

A

A lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule.

Made through dehydration synthesis

40
Q

How is a phospholipid different from a triglyceride?

A
  • On fatty acid is replaced by a phosphorus group head.
  • Polar head and non-polar tail
  • Kink in the tail
41
Q

Proteins

A

Basic components of all body cells

Basic structural material of the body

Also used to make enzymes, hemoglobin, contractile proteins in muscle

42
Q

What are the basic units of Proteins and how many different types are there?

A

Amino acids

20 types all with diff properties

43
Q

Primary Structure of Proteins

A

Sequence of amino acids that form a polypeptide chain.

R’ group flip each time and alternate up and down.

44
Q

Secondary Structure of Proteins

A

Alpha helix and Beta sheet

Alpha helix: The primary structure is coiled and spiralled.

Beta sheet: Primary structure zig zag back and form and creates a pleated sheet.

45
Q

Tertiary Structure of Proteins

A

Alpha helix and/or Beta sheet are folded up to form a compact molecule held together by intramolecular forces.

46
Q

Quaternary Structure of Proteins

A

Two or more polypeptide chains (tertiary structures) bonded together.

47
Q

What is the difference between AMP, ADP, and ATP?

A

ATP= 3 Phosphate groups

ADP= 2 P groups

AMP= 1 P group

Kine (2 decks)

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