Module 2: Chemistry

Question 1

Potential Energy

Answer 1

Energy that is stored and held in readiness

Question 2

What are some examples of the different types of energy?

Answer 2

Chemical

Thermal

Nuclear

Potential

Kinetic

Question 3

Kinetic Energy

Answer 3

Energy due to motion

Question 4

Nuclear Energy

Answer 4

The energy that holds together protons and neutrons within the nucleus of an atom together.

Question 5

Electrical Energy

Answer 5

Energy caused by the movement of electrons.

Question 6

Chemical Energy

Answer 6

Potential energy stored in chemical bonds

Question 7

Thermal Energy

Answer 7

Heat energy.

Question 8

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 8

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change form.

Question 9

When do chemical reactions occur?

Answer 9

When chemical bonds are formed, rearranged, or broken.

Question 10

What are 4 examples of the different types of chemical reactions.

Answer 10

Synthesis

Decomposition

Exchange

Single displacement

etc

Question 11

Synthesis Rxn

Answer 11

Putting molecules together.

Question 12

Decomposition Reaction

Answer 12

Breaking molecules apart.

Question 13

Exchange Reaction

Answer 13

Synthesis and decomposition rxns for the purpose of switching over molecules.

Ex: ATP —> ADP

• Glucose gets the extra Phosphate group

Question 14

Single Displacement Reaction

Answer 14

When one element replaces another element in a compound.

A+BC->AC+B

Question 15

Exergonic Reaction

Answer 15

Reaction that releases energy

(Energy EXITS)

Question 16

Endergonic Reaction

Answer 16

Reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings.

(Energy ENTERS)

Question 17

Redox Reactions

Answer 17

Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants

Question 18

Reducing agent

Answer 18

The electron donor in a redox reaction.

It DONATES an electron and becomes OXIDIZED since it becomes more positive without the electron

Question 19

Oxidizing Agent

Answer 19

The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.

It ACCEPTS an electron and becomes REDUCED since it becomes more negative with the electron

Question 20

Biochemistry

Answer 20

The study of chemical composition (substances) and reactions (processes) of living matter.

Question 21

What are some examples on Inorganic compounds?

Answer 21

Water, salts, acids and bases

Question 22

Inorganic

Answer 22

Doesn’t have carbon

Question 23

Organic

Answer 23

Contains carbon

(Exceptions: CO2 and CO)

Question 24

Salts

Answer 24

Electrically neutral ionic compounds that do not contain H+ or OH-.

Dissolve in H2O and conduct electrical currents

Electrolytes

Question 25

Acids

Answer 25

Compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. They want OH-. Proton doners

Question 26

Bases

Answer 26

Compounds that break into OH- ions in water. They want H+. Proton acceptors

Question 27

What are carbohydrates, lipids, and protein all an example of?

Answer 27

Organic compounds

Question 28

What 3 elements do Carbohydrates contain.

Answer 28

C,H,O Sometimes Phosphorus (P)

Question 29

Carbohydrates function

Answer 29

Main source of energy Store by joining together in long chains

Question 30

Monosaccarides

Answer 30

Monomers of carbohydrates (simple sugars) glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 31

Hextose sugars

Answer 31

Carbohydrates that have 6 carbons. Glucose, fructose, galactose.

Question 32

Pentose sugurs

Answer 32

Carbohydrates that have 5 carbons Deoxyribose and Ribose

Question 33

Disaccharidases

Answer 33

Two monosaccharides. Lactose, Sucrose, and Maltose

Question 34

Lactose

Answer 34

Glucose and Galactose

Question 35

Sucrose

Answer 35

Fructose and Glucose

Question 36

Maltose

Answer 36

Glucose and Glucose

Question 37

Polysaccharides

Answer 37

Long chain of linked monosaccharides. Ex: Glycogen

Question 38

Lipids

Answer 38

Organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but unlike carbohydrates, they will not dissolve in water. The Oxygen is lower than that in carbohydrates. Some Phosphorus (P) Energy source, other uses (structural, hormones, vitamins) 18-25% of body mass (In general)

Question 39

Triglyceride

Answer 39

A lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule. Made through dehydration synthesis

Question 40

How is a phospholipid different from a triglyceride?

Answer 40

- On fatty acid is replaced by a phosphorus group head. - Polar head and non-polar tail - Kink in the tail

Question 41

Proteins

Answer 41

Basic components of all body cells Basic structural material of the body Also used to make enzymes, hemoglobin, contractile proteins in muscle

Question 42

What are the basic units of Proteins and how many different types are there?

Answer 42

Amino acids 20 types all with diff properties

Question 43

Primary Structure of Proteins

Answer 43

Sequence of amino acids that form a polypeptide chain. R' group flip each time and alternate up and down.

Question 44

Secondary Structure of Proteins

Answer 44

Alpha helix and Beta sheet Alpha helix: The primary structure is coiled and spiralled. Beta sheet: Primary structure zig zag back and form and creates a pleated sheet.

Question 45

Tertiary Structure of Proteins

Answer 45

Alpha helix and/or Beta sheet are folded up to form a compact molecule held together by intramolecular forces.

Question 46

Quaternary Structure of Proteins

Answer 46

Two or more polypeptide chains (tertiary structures) bonded together.

Question 47

What is the difference between AMP, ADP, and ATP?

Answer 47

ATP= 3 Phosphate groups ADP= 2 P groups AMP= 1 P group