Module 2 - Cells Flashcards
Somatic
Body cells
Gametes
Sex cells
Are diploid cells that divide to give rise to differentiated cells and replicate themselves in a process called “renewal”
Stem Cells
Cells are composed of macromolecules such as
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Sugars and Starches
Lipids
Fat and oils
Proteins
Enzyme reactions to sustain life
Nucleic Acids
DNA and RNA
Control center of the cell
Nucleus
Site of protein synthesis and folding; lipid synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Has ribosomes, protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER)
Lipid synthesis
Has no ribosomes attached
Soft Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER)
Site where sugars are made and linked into starches or joined to lipids or proteins; proteins finish folding; secretions stored
Golgi Apparatus
Degrades debris; recycles cell contents
Lysosome
Releases energy from nutrients, participate in cell death
Mitochondrion
Breaks down and detoxifies various molecules
Peroxisome
Scaffoid and catalyst for protein synthesis
Ribosome
Stores and transports substances
Vesicle
Bilayer molecules called phospholipids which forms the structural backbone
Plasma Membrane
Plasma Membrane layers
Hydropholic layer (outer) Hydrophobic layer (inner)
Meshwork of protein rods and tubules that serves as the cell’s architecture, positioning organelles overall providing 3D shape
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton has 3 major types of elements, what are these?
Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments
All cells have 3 things in common, what are these?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Dna
do eukaryotic cells have nucleus
Yes
do prokaryotic cells have nucleus?
No
It is always one celled or unicellular organism
Prokaryotic Cells
Blue Bacteria
Cyanobacteria
is any life form consisting of one or more cells that contain a membrane-bound
nucleus and organelles separate from the plasma membrane enveloping the cell
Eukaryote
a series of events which describes the sequence of activities as a cell prepares to divide and then does
Cell Cycle
Two major stages of a cell cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
a cell duplicates its chromosomes
Mitosis
it apportions one set of chromosomes into each of two resulting cells
Cytokinesis
produces sperm or eggs, which have half the amount of genetic material in somatic cells
Meiosis
During this phase, a cell continues the basic biochemical functions of life while replicating its DNA and other subcellular structures.
Interphase
Quiet Phase
G0
This may ensure if the cell’s DNA is so damaged that cancer might result
Apoptosis
is the period of the cell cycle that varies the most in duration among different cell types.
G1
During this phase, the cell replicates its entire genome.
S phase
The 2 long strands of identical chromosomal material in a replicated chromosome are called?
Chromatids
Space between chromatids are called?
Furrow
temporarily pauses the cell cycle while special proteins repair damaged DNA
DNA damage checkpoint
turns on as mitosis begins.
Apoptosis checkpoint
oversees construction of the spindle & the binding of chromosomes to it.
Spindle assembly checkpoint
function like cellular fuses that burn down as pieces are lost from the ends.
Telomeres
