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Cytogenetics (Cell) > Module 2 - Cells > Flashcards

Module 2 - Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic

A

Body cells

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2
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells

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3
Q

Are diploid cells that divide to give rise to differentiated cells and replicate themselves in a process called “renewal”

A

Stem Cells

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4
Q

Cells are composed of macromolecules such as

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

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5
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugars and Starches

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6
Q

Lipids

A

Fat and oils

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7
Q

Proteins

A

Enzyme reactions to sustain life

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8
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

DNA and RNA

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9
Q

Control center of the cell

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Site of protein synthesis and folding; lipid synthesis

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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11
Q

Has ribosomes, protein synthesis

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER)

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12
Q

Lipid synthesis

Has no ribosomes attached

A

Soft Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER)

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13
Q

Site where sugars are made and linked into starches or joined to lipids or proteins; proteins finish folding; secretions stored

A

Golgi Apparatus

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14
Q

Degrades debris; recycles cell contents

A

Lysosome

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15
Q

Releases energy from nutrients, participate in cell death

A

Mitochondrion

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16
Q

Breaks down and detoxifies various molecules

A

Peroxisome

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17
Q

Scaffoid and catalyst for protein synthesis

A

Ribosome

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18
Q

Stores and transports substances

A

Vesicle

19
Q

Bilayer molecules called phospholipids which forms the structural backbone

A

Plasma Membrane

20
Q

Plasma Membrane layers

A 
Hydropholic layer (outer)
Hydrophobic layer (inner)
21
Q

Meshwork of protein rods and tubules that serves as the cell’s architecture, positioning organelles overall providing 3D shape

A

Cytoskeleton

22
Q

Cytoskeleton has 3 major types of elements, what are these?

A

Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments

23
Q

All cells have 3 things in common, what are these?

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Dna

24
Q

do eukaryotic cells have nucleus

A

Yes

25
Q

do prokaryotic cells have nucleus?

A

No

26
Q

It is always one celled or unicellular organism

A

Prokaryotic Cells

27
Q

Blue Bacteria

A

Cyanobacteria

28
Q

is any life form consisting of one or more cells that contain a membrane-bound
nucleus and organelles separate from the plasma membrane enveloping the cell

A

Eukaryote

29
Q

a series of events which describes the sequence of activities as a cell prepares to divide and then does

A

Cell Cycle

30
Q

Two major stages of a cell cycle

A

Interphase

Mitosis

31
Q

a cell duplicates its chromosomes

A

Mitosis

32
Q

it apportions one set of chromosomes into each of two resulting cells

A

Cytokinesis

33
Q

produces sperm or eggs, which have half the amount of genetic material in somatic cells

A

Meiosis

34
Q

During this phase, a cell continues the basic biochemical functions of life while replicating its DNA and other subcellular structures.

A

Interphase

35
Q

Quiet Phase

A

G0

36
Q

This may ensure if the cell’s DNA is so damaged that cancer might result

A

Apoptosis

37
Q

is the period of the cell cycle that varies the most in duration among different cell types.

A

G1

38
Q

During this phase, the cell replicates its entire genome.

A

S phase

39
Q

The 2 long strands of identical chromosomal material in a replicated chromosome are called?

A

Chromatids

40
Q

Space between chromatids are called?

A

Furrow

41
Q

temporarily pauses the cell cycle while special proteins repair damaged DNA

A

DNA damage checkpoint

42
Q

turns on as mitosis begins.

A

Apoptosis checkpoint

43
Q

oversees construction of the spindle & the binding of chromosomes to it.

A

Spindle assembly checkpoint

44
Q

function like cellular fuses that burn down as pieces are lost from the ends.

A

Telomeres

Cytogenetics (Cell) (1 decks)

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