Module 2: cells Flashcards
The first person to see cells, discovered the building blocks of life.
robert hooke
building blocks of life
robert hook
The Father of Microbiology
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
He was the first to observe and describe single-celled organisms
anton van leeuwenhoek
anton van leeuwenhoek referred single celled organisms as ____, and which are now referred to as ____.
animalcules, microorganisms
A zoologist who observed that the tissues of animals had cells
theodore schwann
he contributed to biology include the development of cell theory, and discovery of cells in the peripheral nervous system
theodore schwann
A German botanist, co- founder of the cell theory, observed that the tissues of plants contained cells
matthias schleiden
he contributed to Phytogenesis, he stated that different parts of the plant organism are composed of cells.
matthias schleiden
He reported that every living thing is made up of vital units, known as cells.
rudolf virchow
Predicted that cells come from other cells
rudolf virchow
two types of cell
prokaryotes and eukaryotes
there are the very simple cells, probably first to inhabit the earth and these cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
prokaryotic cells
The word “prokaryote” means
before the nucleus
type of cell that has few internal structures that are distinguishable under a microscope
prokaryotic cells
what are the two types of prokaryotic cells
bacteria and cyanobacteria
Which cellular structure in prokaryotic cells contains genetic information in the form of a circular loop known as ___?
Plasmid
they are more advanced cells and are found in plants, animals and protists
eukaryotic cell
eukaryotic cells are commonly found in ,, and __.
plants
animals
protist
4 main parts of cells
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
organelles
What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?
cells
Which type of cell have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
eukaryotes
control the movement of substances in and out of the cells
cell membrane
Which cellular organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
ribosomes
What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
store and protect the DNA
In which organelle does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
chloroplasts
Which organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?
peroxisomes
it modifies, sort, amd pack proteins and lipids for transport
golgi apparatus
outer boundary of cell
cell membrane
jelly like fluid interior of the cell
cytoplasm
it is control center of the cell
nucleus
referred as little organs that carry out cell function
organelles
3 basic parts
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
What term describes the property of a cell membrane that allows it to selectively permit certain substances to pass into the cell while blocking others?
Semi-permeability
it is where the microtubules are made
centrosome
The jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.
cytoplasm
It is where the metabolic reaction take place
cytoplasm
Which organelle is often described as a flattened, layered, sac-like structure located near the nucleus, responsible for packaging proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for export from the cell?
golgi apparatus
Where is ribosomal RNA produced within the cell?
nucleolus
Which organelles are small, composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules, and serve as sites of protein synthesis?
ribosomes
Which organelle is responsible for transporting materials through the cell and producing proteins in sacks called cisternae?
Rough ER
What controls many of the functions of the cell by regulating protein synthesis and contains the cell’s DNA
nucleus
Which organelle is responsible for digesting cell nutrients and is filled with digestive enzymes?
lysosomes
Which organelle is involved in the synthesis and digestion of lipids and membrane proteins
Smooth ER
What non-living structure surrounds plant cells, providing protection and support, and is made up of cellulose fibers?
cell wall
Which organelle is surrounded by a double membrane with folds called cristae, serves as the center of cellular respiration, contains its own DNA, and is often referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell?
mitochondria
What are the membrane-surrounded “bag” that contain water and storage materials in plant cells?
vacuoles
Which organelle contains a green pigment called chlorophyll and plays a crucial role in photosynthesis?
chloroplasts
green pigment in plant is called
chlorophyll
What organelles are involved in producing and degrading hydrogen peroxide, a toxic compound that can be generated during metabolism, and contain the enzyme catalase?
peroxisomes
What are self-replicating organelles composed of nine bundles of microtubules, typically found in animal cells, and play a role in cell division?
centrioles
What cellular structures are essential for the locomotion of individual organisms and can move materials past immobile cells in multicellular organisms?
cilla and flagella
What straight, hollow cylinders are found throughout the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells (absent in prokaryotes) and carry out various functions, ranging from transport to structural support?
microtubules
What are membrane-bound vesicles formed via a complex family of processes collectively known as endocytosis and found in the cytoplasm of virtually every animal cell?
endosomes
What is the term for a very broad class of fibrous proteins that play an important role as both structural and functional elements of the cytoskeleton, with sizes ranging from 8 to 12 nanometers, functioning as tension-bearing elements to help maintain cell shape and rigidity?
intermediate filaments
What are solid rods made of globular proteins called actin, primarily serving a structural function and being an important component of the cytoskeleton?
microfilaments
the internal framework f the cell, give shape to the cell
cytoskeleton
