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biochem lecture > Module 2: cells > Flashcards

Module 2: cells Flashcards

1
Q

The first person to see cells, discovered the building blocks of life.

A

robert hooke

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2
Q

building blocks of life

A

robert hook

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3
Q

The Father of Microbiology

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

He was the first to observe and describe single-celled organisms

A

anton van leeuwenhoek

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5
Q

anton van leeuwenhoek referred single celled organisms as ____, and which are now referred to as ____.

A

animalcules, microorganisms

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6
Q

A zoologist who observed that the tissues of animals had cells

A

theodore schwann

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7
Q

he contributed to biology include the development of cell theory, and discovery of cells in the peripheral nervous system

A

theodore schwann

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8
Q

A German botanist, co- founder of the cell theory, observed that the tissues of plants contained cells

A

matthias schleiden

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9
Q

he contributed to Phytogenesis, he stated that different parts of the plant organism are composed of cells.

A

matthias schleiden

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10
Q

He reported that every living thing is made up of vital units, known as cells.

A

rudolf virchow

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11
Q

Predicted that cells come from other cells

A

rudolf virchow

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12
Q

two types of cell

A

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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13
Q

there are the very simple cells, probably first to inhabit the earth and these cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

A

prokaryotic cells

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14
Q

The word “prokaryote” means

A

before the nucleus

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15
Q

type of cell that has few internal structures that are distinguishable under a microscope

A

prokaryotic cells

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16
Q

what are the two types of prokaryotic cells

A

bacteria and cyanobacteria

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17
Q

Which cellular structure in prokaryotic cells contains genetic information in the form of a circular loop known as ___?

A

Plasmid

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18
Q

they are more advanced cells and are found in plants, animals and protists

A

eukaryotic cell

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19
Q

eukaryotic cells are commonly found in ,, and __.

A

plants
animals
protist

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20
Q

4 main parts of cells

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
organelles

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21
Q

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

A

cells

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22
Q

Which type of cell have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

A

eukaryotes

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23
Q

control the movement of substances in and out of the cells

A

cell membrane

24
Q

Which cellular organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

A

ribosomes

25
Q

What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

A

store and protect the DNA

26
Q

In which organelle does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

A

chloroplasts

27
Q

Which organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?

A

peroxisomes

28
Q

it modifies, sort, amd pack proteins and lipids for transport

A

golgi apparatus

29
Q

outer boundary of cell

A

cell membrane

30
Q

jelly like fluid interior of the cell

A

cytoplasm

31
Q

it is control center of the cell

A

nucleus

32
Q

referred as little organs that carry out cell function

A

organelles

33
Q

3 basic parts

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

34
Q

What term describes the property of a cell membrane that allows it to selectively permit certain substances to pass into the cell while blocking others?

A

Semi-permeability

35
Q

it is where the microtubules are made

A

centrosome

36
Q

The jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.

A

cytoplasm

37
Q

It is where the metabolic reaction take place

A

cytoplasm

38
Q

Which organelle is often described as a flattened, layered, sac-like structure located near the nucleus, responsible for packaging proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for export from the cell?

A

golgi apparatus

39
Q

Where is ribosomal RNA produced within the cell?

A

nucleolus

40
Q

Which organelles are small, composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules, and serve as sites of protein synthesis?

A

ribosomes

41
Q

Which organelle is responsible for transporting materials through the cell and producing proteins in sacks called cisternae?

A

Rough ER

42
Q

What controls many of the functions of the cell by regulating protein synthesis and contains the cell’s DNA

A

nucleus

43
Q

Which organelle is responsible for digesting cell nutrients and is filled with digestive enzymes?

A

lysosomes

44
Q

Which organelle is involved in the synthesis and digestion of lipids and membrane proteins

A

Smooth ER

45
Q

What non-living structure surrounds plant cells, providing protection and support, and is made up of cellulose fibers?

A

cell wall

46
Q

Which organelle is surrounded by a double membrane with folds called cristae, serves as the center of cellular respiration, contains its own DNA, and is often referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell?

A

mitochondria

47
Q

What are the membrane-surrounded “bag” that contain water and storage materials in plant cells?

A

vacuoles

48
Q

Which organelle contains a green pigment called chlorophyll and plays a crucial role in photosynthesis?

A

chloroplasts

49
Q

green pigment in plant is called

A

chlorophyll

50
Q

What organelles are involved in producing and degrading hydrogen peroxide, a toxic compound that can be generated during metabolism, and contain the enzyme catalase?

A

peroxisomes

51
Q

What are self-replicating organelles composed of nine bundles of microtubules, typically found in animal cells, and play a role in cell division?

A

centrioles

52
Q

What cellular structures are essential for the locomotion of individual organisms and can move materials past immobile cells in multicellular organisms?

A

cilla and flagella

53
Q

What straight, hollow cylinders are found throughout the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells (absent in prokaryotes) and carry out various functions, ranging from transport to structural support?

A

microtubules

54
Q

What are membrane-bound vesicles formed via a complex family of processes collectively known as endocytosis and found in the cytoplasm of virtually every animal cell?

A

endosomes

55
Q

What is the term for a very broad class of fibrous proteins that play an important role as both structural and functional elements of the cytoskeleton, with sizes ranging from 8 to 12 nanometers, functioning as tension-bearing elements to help maintain cell shape and rigidity?

A

intermediate filaments

56
Q

What are solid rods made of globular proteins called actin, primarily serving a structural function and being an important component of the cytoskeleton?

A

microfilaments

57
Q

the internal framework f the cell, give shape to the cell

A

cytoskeleton

biochem lecture (2 decks)

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