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A Level Biology OCR A > Module 2 - Cell Structure, Biological Molecules, Membranes, Cell Division, Enzymes > Flashcards

Module 2 - Cell Structure, Biological Molecules, Membranes, Cell Division, Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

To store genetic information and control cell activities.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell.

A

plasma membrane

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5
Q

What are the two main types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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6
Q

Which organelle is responsible for energy production?

A

Mitochondria

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7
Q

What is the role of ribosomes?

A

To synthesize proteins.

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8
Q

True or False: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

A

To regulate what enters and exits the cell.

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10
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory? A) All living things are composed of cells, B) Cells arise from pre-existing cells, C) Cells can arise spontaneously, D) Cells are the basic unit of life.

A

C) Cells can arise spontaneously

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11
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

To synthesize proteins and lipids.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in packaging and transporting proteins.

A

Golgi apparatus

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13
Q

True or False: Lysosomes are involved in digestion within the cell.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the role of chloroplasts?

A

To conduct photosynthesis in plant cells.

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells but not in animal cells? A) Mitochondria, B) Ribosomes, C) Chloroplasts, D) Golgi Apparatus.

A

C) Chloroplasts

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16
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

To provide structural support and shape to the cell.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the region outside the nucleus where cellular processes occur.

A

cytoplasm

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18
Q

True or False: Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

19
Q

What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

A

Hydrogen bonds

20
Q

What is the process of converting mRNA into a protein called?

A

Translation

21
Q

Multiple Choice: Which molecule carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes? A) tRNA, B) mRNA, C) rRNA, D) DNA.

22
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the site of protein synthesis.

23
Q

What is the role of tRNA?

A

To transport amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

24
Q

True or False: The sequence of amino acids determines the structure and function of a protein.

25
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A change in the DNA sequence.

26
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of RNA? A) DNA, B) mRNA, C) Protein, D) Lipid.

27
Q

What is the primary function of enzymes?

A

To act as catalysts in biochemical reactions.

28
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are __________ that speed up chemical reactions.

29
Q

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.

30
Q

What factors can affect enzyme activity?

A

Temperature, pH, and substrate concentration.

31
Q

What is the term for the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds?

A

Active site

32
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE? A) They are always proteins, B) They increase the activation energy of reactions, C) They are consumed in reactions, D) They can be reused.

A

D) They can be reused.

33
Q

Fill in the blank: A __________ is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up.

34
Q

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

A

To provide energy for cellular activities.

35
Q

True or False: ATP is the energy currency of the cell.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the organelle responsible for photosynthesis.

A

chloroplast

37
Q

What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?

A

To convert glucose into usable energy (ATP).

38
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a product of cellular respiration? A) Oxygen, B) Glucose, C) Carbon Dioxide, D) Water.

A

C) Carbon Dioxide

39
Q

What is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate called?

A

Glycolysis

40
Q

True or False: Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.

41
Q

What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in humans?

A

Lactic acid and ATP.

42
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which cells convert sugar into energy.

A

Cellular respiration

43
Q

What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

A

To act as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

44
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the main byproduct of photosynthesis? A) Oxygen, B) Carbon Dioxide, C) Glucose, D) Water.

A Level Biology OCR A (2 decks)

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