Module 2 - Cell structure Flashcards
What is the cell membrane made from? (plasma membrane)
Lipids and protein
What is the function of a cell membrane?
Regulates the movement of substances in and out the cell.
Receptor molecules on the membrane allow it to respond to chemicals (i.e. hormones)
Structure of nucleus?
Is surrounded by a nuclear envelope that contains many pores.
Contains the nucleolus and chromosomes made from protein-bound linear DNA.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls cell activity through transcription of DNA.
Pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
What is the function of a nucleolus?
Produces ribosomes composed of RNA and proteins.
What is the structure of mitochondria?
Double-membraned, with inner membrane forming structures called cristae.
Inside, matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration.
Contains mitochondrial DNA.
What is the function of mitochondria?
The site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced.
Structure of chloroplast.
Small, flattened structure
Surrounded by a double membrane with membranes inside called thylakoid membranes. (stack up to form grana)
Linked together by lamellae.
What is the function of chloroplast?
Where photosynthesis takes place.
Some parts happen in the grana and others in the stroma.
What is the structure of Golgi apparatus?
Fluid-filled membrane sacs.
What is the function of Golgi apparatus?
Processes and packages new lipids and proteins.
Makes lysosomes
What is the structure of a vesicle?
Small fluid-filled sac surrounded by a membrane and produced by the Golgi apparatus.
What is the function of a vesicle?
Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and then transports them out of the cell through the cell-surface membrane.
What is the structure of a lysosome?
Small, round organelles surrounded by membrane.
Type of Golgi vesicle.
Contain digestive enzymes lysoszymes.
What is the function of a lysosyme?
Digest invading cells or break down worn out components of the cell wall.
What is the ribosome attached to?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Or float free
What is the ribosome made from and what is its function?
Proteins and RNA.
Site of protein synthesis
Which sub cellular structure is not membrane-bound?
Ribosomes.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
System of membranes that enclose a fluid-filled space.
Surface is covered with ribsomes
What is the function of RER?
Folds and processes the proteins that have been produced at the ribosomes
What is the difference between SER and RER?
No ribosomes are present.
What does SER do?
Responsible for synthesis and storage of lipids and carbs
What is the structure of a cell vacuole?
Contains a weak solutions of sugars and salts called cell sap.
The membrane surrounding it is called the tonoplast
What is the function of a vacuole?
Help maintain pressure inside the cell and keep it rigid.
Isolates unwanted chemicals in the cell.
