Module 2 - Cell structure

Question 1

What is the cell membrane made from? (plasma membrane)

Answer 1

Lipids and protein

Question 2

What is the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 2

Regulates the movement of substances in and out the cell.
Receptor molecules on the membrane allow it to respond to chemicals (i.e. hormones)

Question 3

Structure of nucleus?

Answer 3

Is surrounded by a nuclear envelope that contains many pores.
Contains the nucleolus and chromosomes made from protein-bound linear DNA.

Question 4

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 4

Controls cell activity through transcription of DNA.
Pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Question 5

What is the function of a nucleolus?

Answer 5

Produces ribosomes composed of RNA and proteins.

Question 6

What is the structure of mitochondria?

Answer 6

Double-membraned, with inner membrane forming structures called cristae.
Inside, matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration.
Contains mitochondrial DNA.

Question 7

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 7

The site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced.

Question 8

Structure of chloroplast.

Answer 8

Small, flattened structure
Surrounded by a double membrane with membranes inside called thylakoid membranes. (stack up to form grana)
Linked together by lamellae.

Question 9

What is the function of chloroplast?

Answer 9

Where photosynthesis takes place.
Some parts happen in the grana and others in the stroma.

Question 10

What is the structure of Golgi apparatus?

Answer 10

Fluid-filled membrane sacs.

Question 11

What is the function of Golgi apparatus?

Answer 11

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins.
Makes lysosomes

Question 11

What is the structure of a vesicle?

Answer 11

Small fluid-filled sac surrounded by a membrane and produced by the Golgi apparatus.

Question 12

What is the function of a vesicle?

Answer 12

Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and then transports them out of the cell through the cell-surface membrane.

Question 13

What is the structure of a lysosome?

Answer 13

Small, round organelles surrounded by membrane.
Type of Golgi vesicle.
Contain digestive enzymes lysoszymes.

Question 14

What is the function of a lysosyme?

Answer 14

Digest invading cells or break down worn out components of the cell wall.

Question 15

What is the ribosome attached to?

Answer 15

Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Or float free

Question 16

What is the ribosome made from and what is its function?

Answer 16

Proteins and RNA.
Site of protein synthesis

Question 17

Which sub cellular structure is not membrane-bound?

Answer 17

Ribosomes.

Question 18

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 18

System of membranes that enclose a fluid-filled space.
Surface is covered with ribsomes

Question 19

What is the function of RER?

Answer 19

Folds and processes the proteins that have been produced at the ribosomes

Question 20

What is the difference between SER and RER?

Answer 20

No ribosomes are present.

Question 21

What does SER do?

Answer 21

Responsible for synthesis and storage of lipids and carbs

Question 22

What is the structure of a cell vacuole?

Answer 22

Contains a weak solutions of sugars and salts called cell sap.
The membrane surrounding it is called the tonoplast

Question 23

What is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 23

Help maintain pressure inside the cell and keep it rigid.
Isolates unwanted chemicals in the cell.

Question 24

What does the cytoskeleton involve?

Answer 24

Micro filaments, intermediate filaments and micro tubules.

Question 25

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 25

Structural support
Network over which materials can be transported + organelles can be anchored

Question 26

What is the function of a centriole?

Answer 26

Involved in separation of chromosomes during cell division