Module 2 - Cell cycle Flashcards
1
Q
What is the cell cycle?
A
- a regulated sequence of events that occurs between one cell division and the next
2
Q
What are the three stages of the cell cycle?
A
- interphase
- mitosis
- cytokinesis
3
Q
What are the three phases of interphase?
A
- G1 phase
- S phase
- G2 phase
4
Q
What occurs in G1 phase?
A
- the cell grows in size
- organelles duplicate
- protein synthesis occurs for enzymes
5
Q
What occurs in the G1 checkpoint?
A
- DNA is checked to see if it’s damaged
- checks to see if all chemicals needed for DNA replication are present
6
Q
What occurs in the S phase?
A
- DNA is replicated
- as DNA replicates, DNA polymerase is prone to random spontaneous errors causing mutations in the DNA
- these can either be beneficial, harmful or neutral
7
Q
What could occur before the S phase?
A
- G0 - resting phase
8
Q
What is G0?
A
- can be triggered in early G1
- cells that enter here do not go on to replicate
- they either undergo apoptosis, become specialised or become senescent
9
Q
What occurs in the G2 phase?
A
- cell grows in size
- organelles duplicate
- ATP production increases as protein synthesis for spindle fibres begins
10
Q
What occurs in the G2 checkpoint?
A
- cell checks whether all the DNA has been replicated without any damage.
11
Q
What is involved in mitosis?
A
- the duplication and separation of chromosomes to ensure that each new daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes and the necessary components to function as a separate cell
12
Q
What are the four stages of mitosis?
A
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
13
Q
What is cytokinesis?
A
- where the cell completely divides into two daughter cells
