Module 2: Biology and Psychology 1st Division

Question 1

What are specialized cells of the nervous system that conduct impulses?

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

What is the system of nerves involved in thought processes, heartbeat, visual-motor coordination, and so on?

Answer 2

Nervous System

Question 3

reduce the resting potential of a cell membrane from about 70 millivolts toward zero

Answer 3

Depolarized

Question 4

electrochemical discharge of a nerve cell of neuron.

Answer 4

Neural Impulses

Question 5

Receive “messages” from sources like light, other neurons, and pressure on the skin then pass the messages along in a complex biological dance.

Answer 5

Neurons

Question 6

Remove dead neurons and waste products in the nervous system.

Answer 6

Glial Cells

Question 7

transmit messages from brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands

Answer 7

Efferent Neurons

Question 8

Afferent neurons

Answer 8

transmit messages from sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain

Question 9

Myelin

Answer 9

fatty substance that encases and insulates axons, facilitating transmission of neural impulses.

Question 10

a few to several hundred short fibers, extended like roots from the cell body to receive incoming messages from thousands of adjoining neurons.

Answer 10

Dendrites

Question 11

long, thin part of a neuron.

Answer 11

Axon

Question 12

electrical potential across the neural membrane when it’s not responding to other neurons

Answer 12

Resting potential

Question 13

Consists of the brain, the spinal cord, and other parts that make it possible for humans to receive information from the outside world and act on it.

Answer 13

Nervous System

Question 14

electrical impulse that provides the basis for the conduction of a neural impulse along an axon or a

Answer 14

Action potential

Question 15

ready a neuron for firing by creating an internal negative charge in relation to the body fluid outside of the cell membrane

Answer 15

Polarize

Question 16

Messages that travel within neurons at somewhere between 2 and 255 miles an hour.

Answer 16

Neural impulses

Question 17

Composed of cells, most of which are neurons.

Answer 17

Nervous System

Question 18

Transmits impulses to other neurons from axon terminals or terminal buttons

Answer 18

axon

Question 19

bulb-shaped structures

Answer 19

axon terminals or terminal buttons

Question 20

Nourish and insulate neurons; form a fatty insulating substance called myelin; and play a role in neural transmission of messages.

Answer 20

Glial cells

Question 21

What forms the fatty substance known as myelin?

Answer 21

Glial cells

Question 22

aka motor neurons

Answer 22

Efferent neurons

Question 23

aka sensory neurons

Answer 23

Afferent neurons