Module 2: Biochemistry Flashcards
1
Q
Energy:
A
- The capacity to do work or put matter in motion
2
Q
Forms of Energy:
A
- Kinetic
- Potential
- Thermal
- Nuclear
- Magnetic
- Mechanical
3
Q
First Law of Thermodynamics:
A
- Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only be converted.
4
Q
A chemical rxn occurs when…
A
- Chemical bonds are formed,
rearranged or broken.
5
Q
Types of rxns:
A
- Single Displacement
- Decomposition
- Synthesis
6
Q
Reducing Agent (X):
A
- Becomes oxidized by (Y) (loses electron -> becomes more positive)
7
Q
Oxidizing Agent (Y):
A
- Takes electron from Reducing Agent (X) so it becomes more NEGATIVE (becomes reduced)
8
Q
Biochemistry:
A
- The study of chemical
composition and reactions of living matter
9
Q
Inorganic Compound:
A
- Compound that does not have Carbon
10
Q
Salt:
A
- Inorganic compound
- Conducts electrical current
11
Q
Organic Compound:
A
- Compound containing Carbon
- Includes, Proteins, Carbs, Lipids
- EXCEPTIONS: CO2 and CO
12
Q
Carbohydrates
A
- Hydrated Carbon (CHO)
- Join together to make long chains for storage
- Energy source (sugars)
13
Q
Monosaccharides is a monomer of______
A
- Carbohydrates
14
Q
Monosaccharide hexose sugars:
A
- Glucose, Galactose, Fructose
15
Q
Monosaccharide pentose sugar:
A
- Deoxyribose
- Ribose
16
Q
Disaccharides
A
- 2 linked monomers (isomers)
- Sucrose
- Lactose
- Maltose
17
Q
Polysaccharides:
A
- Long chains of monomers
- GLYCOGEN made of many glucoses
18
Q
Lipids:
A
- Also contain C, H and O, but proportion of O is much
lower than in carbohydrates - Some also contain Phosphorus
- Energy source
- 18-25% of body mass
19
Q
Triglyceride:
A
- 3 fatty acids and a glycerol formed by dehydration synthesis
20
Q
Structure of Phospholipid molecule:
A
- 2 fatty acid chains and a P group are attached to a glycerol backbone
21
Q
Phospholipid HEAD:
A
- Polar head
- Hydrophilic head
22
Q
Phospholipid TAIL:
A
- Non-polar tail
- Hydrophobic tail
23
Q
Proteins:
A
- Basic structural material of the body
- Also used to make enzymes and hemoglobin
- Can be used for energy in a pinch
- Base unit of a protein is an Amino Acid
24
Q
Peptide Chain:
A
- Chain of amino acids held together by a peptide bond
25
Q
Primary Structure Protein:
A
- Sequence of amino acids forms a polypeptide chain
26
Q
Secondary Structure Protein:
A
- Primary chain forms a-helices and b-sheets
27
Q
Tertiary Structure Protein:
A
- A-helices and/or B-sheets fold up and make a compact globular molecule held together by intramolecular bonds
28
Q
Quaternary Structure Protein:
A
- 2 or more polypeptide chains each with their own tertiary structure combine to create a fully functional protein
