Module 2: Beauty of Codes Flashcards
a symbolic way to represent information
codes
Seven numeral symbols that have a fixed integer value
I, V, X, L, C, M, D
used by the Egyptians in their writing system during ancient times
hieroglyphics (sacred writings)
- basically logographic writing system
- one of the world’s greatest writing systems
Chinese numeral system
a number system that uses only two values
binary number system
an optical, machine-readable, representation of data
barcode
traditional barcodes systematically represent data by varying the widths and spacings of parallel lines
linear or one-dimensional (1D) barcodes
developed using rectangles, dots, hexagons, and other geometric patterns
matrix or two-dimensional (2D) barcodes
barcodes are scanned by optical scanners
barcode readers
who invented the barcode? when and where was it patented?
Norman Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver; United States in 1952
the use of barcodes has spread to many other tasks that are generically referred to as –
Automatic identification and Data Capture (AIDC)
the very first scanning of the Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode was on a pack of – on –
Wrigley Company’s Juicy Fruit Gum on June 26, 1974
- a specific type of 2D barcode that has become popular recently
- barcoding became an efficient way of translating data instantaneously
- used for automated data collection
Quick Response (QR) Code
Types of Linear or 1D Barcodes
UPC, EAN-13, Pharmacode (Postnet, Pessey, ITF-14)
Types of matrix or 2D barcodes
Aztec, MaxiCode, QR, PDF-147
- used to identify individual items, specific products, people, accounts, or documents
- useful for recognition or direction of materials and for tracking and inventory purposes of products or documents
Identification numbers
Types of identification numbers
- numeric identification numbers
- alphanumeric identification number
a single positive number or a string of digits, sometimes separated by dashes or spaces
numeric identification number
an example of a numeric identification number
Tax Identification Number (TIN)
has a string of digits, letters, or/and even other symbols
alphanumeric identification number
examples of an alphanumeric identification number
vehicle plate
- used to verify errors in identification numbers
- a single number that is generated using the other characters from the identification number
check digit or check sum
the 12-digit identification number of a retail item
Universal Product Code (UPC)
issues the manufacturer an identification number and provides guidelines on how to use it
Uniform Code Council (UCC)
UPC in the United States
UPC-A
specific use of d1- 0
general groceries
specific use of d1- 2
meat products
specific use of d1- 3
drug and health products
specific use of d1- 4
non-food items
specific use of d1- 5
coupons
specific use of d1- 6,7
other items
specific use of d1- 1, 8, 9
reserved for future use
a numbering system used in global trade to identify a specific retail product type, in a specific packaging configuration, from a specific manufacturer
International Article Number (European Article Number or EAN)
types of EAN
EAN-2, EAN-5, EAN-8, EAN-13
most commonly used EAN
EAN-13
country code of Philippines
480
Where, who, and when: the invention of QR code
Japan; Toyota subsidiary Denso-Wave; 1994
approximate error correction capacity of low (L) level
7
approximate error correction capacity of medium (M) level
15
approximate error correction capacity of Quartile (Q) level
25
approximate error correction capacity of high (H) level
30
