Module 2: Applications and Layered Architectures Flashcards
What are the elements of all communication methods?
- sender (message source)
- receiver (destination)
- channel (transmission medium)
Element of communication that provides the pathway over which the message can travel from source to destination.
channel (transmission medium)
Element of communication that receives the message and interprets it.
receiver (destination)
Element of communication that needs to communicate a message to other individuals or devices.
sender (message source)
A protocol characteristic that depends on the type of message and the channel that is used to deliver the message
Message format
A protocol characteristic that govern the size of the pieces communicated across the network.
Message size
A protocol characteristic that determines the speed at which the bits are transmitted across the network. It also affects when an individual host can send data and the total amount of data that can be sent in any one transmission
timing
A protocol characteristic where messages sent across the network are first converted into bits by the sending host.
encoding
A protocol characteristic where each message transmitted on a network must include a header that contains addressing information that identifies the source and destination hosts.
encapsulation
A protocol characteristic where some messages require an acknowledgment before the next message can be sent.
message pattern
A set of rules that determines how something must be done.
standard
When a new internet standard is proposed, each stage of the development and approval process is recorded in a ________________ document.
Request for Comments (RFC)
RFCs for internet standards are published and managed by the _______
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Give some network standard organizations
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Internet Engineering Task Force
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
International Telecommunication Union
Telecommunications Industry Association
This protocol governs the way a web server and a web client interact.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
This protocol manages the individual conversations.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
This protocol is responsible for guaranteeing the reliable delivery of the information and managing flow control between the end devices
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
This protocol is responsible for delivering messages from the sender to the receiver.
Internet Protocol (IP)
This protocol is used by routers to forward the messages across multiple networks
Internet Protocol (IP)
A protocol that defines how data is formatted and how it is transmitted over the wired network.
ethernet protocol
This protocol is responsible for the delivery of messages from one NIC to another NIC on the same local area network (LAN).
ethernet protocol
A TCP/IP model layer that represents data to the user, plus encoding and dialog control.
Application
A TCP/IP model layer that determines the best path through the network.
internet
A TCP/IP model layer that controls the hardware devices and media that make up the network.
network access
A TCP/IP model layer that supports communication between various devices across diverse networks.
transport
An OSI model layer that provides for common representation of the data transferred between application layer services.
presentation
An OSI model layer that describe methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common media
data link
An OSI model layer that provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices.
network
An OSI model layer that contains protocols used for process-to-process communications.
application
An OSI model layer that provides services to the presentation layer to organize its dialogue and to manage data exchange.
session
An OSI model layer that defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications between the end devices.
transport
An OSI model layer that describe the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to activate, maintain, and de-activate physical connections for a bit transmission to and from a network device.
physical
A protocol that specifies protocols that operate at Layer 1 and Layer 2 of the OSI model.
ethernet
It maintains the networking standards, including Ethernet and wireless standards
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
An address that is assigned to each network interface card when it is manufactured.
media access control (mac) address
An address that identifies each source and destination host on the network.
media access control (mac) address
Each message is encapsulated into a specific format, called a _____, that includes the source and destination addresses.
frame
This address does not change.
physical address
This address can change and is commonly assigned by a network administrator.
logical address
two parts of logical address
network
host
three layers of a Hierarchical Design
access layer
distribution layer
core layer
This Hierarchical Design layer provides connections to hosts in a local Ethernet network.
access layer
This Hierarchical Design layer interconnects the smaller local networks.
distribution layer
This Hierarchical Design layer provides a high-speed connection between distribution layer devices.
core layer
It take signals from one port and sends the message out all of the other ports.
Ethernet hub
It is all 1s in the destination MAC address – FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.
ethernet broadcast
It is used to contact every other device on the local network.
broadcast message
The area through which a broadcast message can travel
broadcast domain
It is used to divide the network into multiple broadcast domains.
router
A protocol used to discover the MAC address of a device on the
same local network.
address resolution protocol (ARP)
