MODULE 2: Amount of Substance Flashcards
What is a mole?
A unit of measurement that measures the number of particles in a substance
What is the Avogadro’s constant?
That one mole has 6.02 x 10^23 particles
What is the equation for moles?
moles = mass/mr
What is molecular formula?
The number of atoms of each elements in a molecule
What is empirical formula?
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
What is a hydrated salt?
Salts with water molecules as a part of the crystalline structure
What is an anhydrous salt?
Salts without water molecules as a part of the crystalline structure
What is the equation for moles in gases?
moles = volume(dm3)/24
What is the ideal gas equation?
PV = nRT
For the ideal gas equation, what does P stand for?
Pressure, Pa
For the ideal gas equation, what does V stand for?
Volume, m3
For the ideal gas equation, what does n stand for?
Moles, mol
For the ideal gas equation, what does R stand for?
Ideal gas constant, 8.31 Jmol -1 K -1
For the ideal gas equation, what does T stand for?
Temperature, Kelvin
How do you convert cm3 to m3?
x 10 ^-6
How do you convert dm3 to m3?
x 10 ^-3
How do you convert oC to K?
+ 273
How do you convert kPa to Pa?
x 10 ^3
What is stiochiometry?
Balancing numbers to give the amount of moles
What is the equation for percentage yield?
Percentage yield = actual yield / theoretical yield x 100
What are some of the reasons percentage yield may be less than 100%?
The reaction may not have gone to completion, other reactions may have taken place along side the main reaction, purifying the product
What is atom economy?
Atom economy is the efficiency of a chemical process in terms of all atoms involved and the desired products
What is the equation for atom economy?
Atom Economy = molar mass(es) of desired product(s) / molar mass(es) of all product(s) x 100
What aspects, other than a high atom economy, makes a reaction sustainable?
Using readily available/environmentally safe reactants, high percentage yield
