Module 2 Flashcards
Level of organisation in organisms
Organelles cells tissues organs systems organisms
Unicellular organisms
- Contain only one cell responsible for all life processes
- Simple structure
- Limits metabolic reactions
- Large surface area for all substances to diffuse across
Colonial organism
- Cells that form a cooperative group (colony) but can survive on their own
- Could be classed as a single celled organism
- More efficient as a colony
- EXAMPLE: Blue-bottle
Multicellular organism
- Made up of different types of cells
- Similar cells grouped together that communicate to perform specialised functions that combine together for efficient functioning
- Rely less on diffusion and are less efficient
- All cells have the same DNA
- Could not survive by themselves
- EXAMPLE: Animals and Plants
Cell differentiation
less specialised cell changes to become a specialised to carry out specific functions. This makes them more efficient.
Cell specialisation
specific function which a cell has, determined by their physiology and cellular structures. They develop suitable structural features which allow them to carry out their functions and this makes them structurally different from other types of cells.
Skeletal muscle
long and have striation which are caused by the arrangement of the actin and myosin in them. They are attached to the bones and they cause movement.
Cardiac muscle
fibres are present in the heart and also have striations, the individual cells have connection junctions that are necessary or the coordinated beating of the heart.
Smooth muscle
do not have striation and their contractions push substances through specialised organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, the blood vessels and the urethra which leads from the bladder.
Fish respiration
- Water enters the fish
- Water is pumped through gills
- Oxygen diffuses in and out of capillaries
- Water exits the fish
Insect respiration
- Use trachea for gas exchange
- Instead of lungs, insects breathe with a network of tiny tubes called tracheae. Air enters the tubes spiracles and the air then diffuses down the tracheae
Reptile respiration
- Gas exchange in alveoli
- When its mouth is full of air, the reptile will push the air down into the lungs.
- The nostrils are then closed and the floor of mouth is raised, forcing the air into the lungs for gas exchange.
4 plant organs
roots, leaves, stem, flower
Function of nasal cavity
the sticky mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity traps dust particles, and tiny hairs called cilia help move them to the nose to be sneezed or blown out.
Function of nose
air is inhaled into the body through the nose
Function of pharynx
enables you to swallow and is a pathway for food
Function of tongue
vital for chewing and swallowing food
Function of larynx
voicebox which helps you speak
function of trachea
windpipe which provides air to and from the lungs
function of lungs
conducts gas exchange for respiration
function of bronchi
shuttle air to and from the lungs – highways for gas exchange.
function of bronchioles
ensure that incoming air is supplied to the alveoli
function of alveoli
exchange oxygen to carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
What is the diaphragm
thoracic muscle that lays beneath the lungs and aids in inhalation/exhalation