Module 2 Flashcards
Mobility and Immobility
What is Proprioception?
the awareness of the position of the body and its parts
What is body Mechanics?
The way in which you safely position or move your body while performing tasks.
What is ADL ?
Activities of daily living
What are the principles of body mechanics?
- Wider base of support = greater stability
- Lower centre of gravity = greater stability
- face the direction you are moving NO TWISTING
- Use arms and legs dividing the balance
- use leverage ( push pull , avoid lifting wherever possible
- less friction means less force, use a transfer sheet
- good body mechanics leads to less fatigue and stress throughout the day.
What are the nurses 6 check points when transferring a patient?
1) 3 for the top ( ears, should, hips)
2) 3 for bottom ( stomach tight butt out, body weight over heels, trunk forward and bend at hips.
3) Elbows Tucked in
4) palms UP grip
5) work in your comfort zone ( hands move shoulders to hips.
6) weight transfer ( side to side, back to front )
Effects of exercise on the Cardiovascular System
- Increased cardiac output
- improved myocardial contraction, strengthening cardiac muscles
- Decreased resting heart rate
- improved venous return
Effects of exercise on the Pulmonary System
- Increased respiratory rate and depth of return, followed by a quicker resting state.
- Improved aveolar ventilation
- Improved diaphragmatic excursion
Effects of exercise on the Metabolic System
- Increased basal metabolic state
- Increased use of glucose and fatty acids
- increased triglyceride breakdown
- increased gastric motility
- Increased production of body heat
Effects of exercise on the Musculoskeletal System
- Improved muscle tone
- increased joint mobility
- improved muscle tolerance to physical activity
- possible increase in muscle mass
- reduced bone loss
Psychosocial effects of Exercise
- Improved tolerance to stress
- Reports of “ feeling better”
- Reports of decrease in illness ( colds, influenza )
Effects of exercise on activity tolerance
- Improved tolerance
- Decreased fatigue.
Body Mechanics
Coordination of muscularskeletal system and nervous system. Maintain. - Balance - Posture - Body alignment During lifting, bending and ADLs
Pathological Influences on Body Mechanics
Abnormalities: Effect the musculoskeletal system
Disorders of joints: affects the bones, joints, tendons, muscles ( inflammatory or noninflammatory disease)
Central Nervous System Damage
Chronic diseases: affect internal organs
Musculoskeletal trauma: sprains, bruises, brakes
Body Alignment
Relationship of one body part to another from a vertical or horizontal line.
- no excessive strain on a persons joints, tendons, or ligaments.
Body Balance
This happens when the centre of gravity is balanced over a stable base of support
Pressure Ulcer
An open wound that occurs from being to long in one position and not moving regularly
Hemiplegia
Muscle Paralysis
Isotonic Contraction
Muscle contractions and muscle length changes
Isometric Contraction
Tightening or tensing of muscles without moving body parts.
Resistive Isometric Excercise
Individual contracts muscles while pushing against an object
Ergonomics
directed focus to reduce the number of working related injuries and illnesses in the healthcare industry.
Mobility
Ability to move freely and easily 4 components - Range of Motion - Gait -Excercise -Activity Tolerance
Gait
Manner of style of walking, including rhythm. cadence and speed
Range of motion ( ROM)
Movement potential of a joint range of flexion and extension
Activity Tolerance
Kind and amount of exercise a person is able to perform
immobility
Not being able to move freely
Bed Rest
Intervention that restricts a patient to their bed for therapeutic reasons
Muscle Atrophy
Loss of tone and joint stiffness
Systemic effects of Immobility
Metabolic Changes :Endocrine system can be altered ( reabsorption of calcium)
Respiratory Changed: higher risk to develop pulmonary complications lung lobe collapse
Musculoskeletal Changes: temporary or permanent impairment
Urinary Changes: alters urinary output
Integumentary Changes: in Metabolism, pressure of the skin resulting in pressure injury.
Pressure Injury
Localized Damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue
Foot Drop
Foot is permanently fixed at a planters position
Supine Position
Back lying position
Prone Position
Lying Chest Down, head turned to the side
Side Lying Position
On side, head aligned with midline of body
Sims Position ( Lateral Recumbent Position
Lie on left side, left hip and lower extremity straight right hip and knee bent
Dorsal Recumbent Position
Lying on back, legs bent upwards.
Nursing Process
A way of planning our patients care:
Assess Diagnose Plan Implement Evaluate
