module 2 Flashcards by Gabriela Quinn

The audiometers you will most likely find in audiology clinics are _______.

a) diagnostic audiometers
b) screening audiometers
c) transducers
d) inner ear screen audiometers

a) diagnostic audiometers

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Diagnostic audiometers have ____ channels to control sound going into each ear. Has one _____ to test your voice. Two ______ to provide pre recorded material and a _______.

2 channels // microphone//auxillary cords//computer screen

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screen Audiometers are super basic. They have:

one channel and no voice or external signals can be used.

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In the case of air conduction testing, we are interested in devices that convert ___energy into ____ energy .

a) electrical energy into mechanical
b) electrical energy to acoustic energy
c) mechanical energy into pressure energy
d) electrical energy into pressure energy

electrical energy to acoustic energy

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Audiometry is the measurement of?

hearing

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Middle ear problem is most common in:

a) adults
b) children

b) children

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If there is a problem, audiologist need to determine what two things?

Site of lesion and the degree of hearing loss.

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Hearing loss in the inner ear is known as:

a) conductive hearing loss
b) oscine hearing loss
c) sensorineural loss
d) Retro-cochlear hearing loss

c) sensorineural loss

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Hearing loss in the outer ear is known as:

a) conductive hearing loss
b) oscine hearing loss
c) sensorineural loss
d) Retro-cochlear hearing loss

a) conductive hearing loss

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Which type of hearing loss may you be able to recover all or some hearing loss?

a) conductive hearing loss
b) oscine hearing loss
c) sensorineural loss
d) Retro-cochlear hearing loss

a) conductive hearing loss

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Which type of hearing loss is due to a problem in the auditory nerve and beyond?

a) conductive hearing loss
b) oscine hearing loss
c) sensorineural loss
d) Retro-cochlear hearing loss

d) Retro-cochlear hearing loss

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True or false: The goal of audiometers is to determine if a patient has normal or abnormal hearing ability. If the patient has hearing loss, we only need to determine the severity of the hearing loss.

FALSE- the degree and site of lesion.

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What are the 4 basic components of an audiometer:

oscillator –> Amplifier–> attenuator–> on/off switch–> Transducer

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What component of an audiometer produces sound at precise frequencies for testing?

a) oscillator
b) Amplifier
c) attenuator
d) Transducer

a) oscillator

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What component of an audiometer amplifies the sound to its max possible level?

a) oscillator
b) Amplifier
c) attenuator
d) Transducer

b) Amplifier

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What component of an audiometer decreases the sound level to the precise level? The sound passes thru the on/off switch that is then transmitted to the transducer.

a) oscillator
b) Amplifier
c) attenuator
d) Transducer

c) attenuator

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What component of an audiometer presents the sound to the patient?

a) oscillator
b) Amplifier
c) attenuator
d) Transducer

d) Transducer

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An audiometer test booth is sound proof. T/F

FALSE

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Which of the following changes to the sound occur when the attenuator dial is adjusted?

a) the frequency of the stimulus changes
b) the source of the stimulus changes
c) the level of the sound changes
d) the transducer delivering the sound changes

c) the level of the sound changes

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What type of earphones are colored coded–blue for the left ear and red for the right ear?

a) insert earphones
b) super-aural earphones
c) The bone oscillator
d) sound field speakers

b) super-aural earphones

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What type of earphones have disposable foam tip that is place inside the ear canal?

a) insert earphones
b) super-aural earphones
c) The bone oscillator
d) sound field speakers

a) insert earphones

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What type of earphones vibrate the bones of the skull to test hearing without the influence of the outer or middle ear on the response?

a) insert earphones
b) super-aural earphones
c) The bone oscillator
d) sound field speakers

c) The bone oscillato

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What types of hearing device is used on children who cannot or will not use ear phone. NOT ACCURATE

a) insert earphones
b) super-aural earphones
c) The bone oscillator
d) sound field speakers

d) sound field speakers

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What does a transducer do?

a) control the level of sound presented to the patient
b) reduces the amount of sound in the test environment
c) converts electrical energy to the sound energy and present it to the patient.
d) generate pure tones in the audiometer

c) converts electrical energy to the sound energy and present it to the patient.

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In pure tone audiometry, The softest sound a patient can hear at least 50% of the time is known as?

pure tone threshold

Pure tone audiometry is considered a ? a) behavioral procedure b) silent procedure c) invasive procedure?

a) behavioral procedure --Which means that the patient participates in the testing by responding to the sound SOMEHOW.

_____ is how we hear as we walk around in our everyday lives. The sound enters our ear as pressure waves. In ______ pure tone testing, we use this same principle to evaluate how well our patient can hear.

Air conduction

_____- occurs when the bones of the skull vibrate and cause the fluids in the cochlea to vibrate, just like the vibrations in cochlear fluids from the movement of the stapes footplate in the oval window during air conduction.

bone conduction

Bone conduction tests the health of the auditory system and the type of hearing loss --sensorineural or conductive. True or false

TRUE

Occurs when the bones of the skull compress the bony shell of the cochlear. a) compressional bone conduction b) inertial bone conduction c) osseo-tympanic bone conduction

a) compressional bone conduction

Ligaments hold the ossicles in the middle ear. When a bone oscillator vibrates the skull, the ossicles also vibrate BUT the vibrations of the ossicles lags behind the vibration of the skull. This is known as : a) compressional bone conduction b) inertial bone conduction c) osseo-tympanic bone conduction

b) inertial bone conduction

When the skull vibrates, the medial one third of the ear canal also vibrates. This creates pressure waves in the air of the ear canal. These pressure waves hit the tympanic membrane and are conducted to the cochlea. This is known as : a) compressional bone conduction b) inertial bone conduction c) osseo-tympanic bone conduction

c) osseo-tympanic bone conduction

Testing via bone conduction allows us to skip past the middle and outer ear and determine how well the cochlea can hear. This is known as: a) basilar testing b) audio reflex reserve c) Cochlear reserve d) inner ear reserve

c) Cochlear reserve

Is the study of the perception of sound stimuli: The relationship between a physical signal and a psychological response to that signal a) basic pure tone threshold b) complex periodic threshold testing c) psychoacoustics d) Cochlearonics

c) psychoacoustics

What is the lowest sound level at which the patient is able to correctly detect 50% of the time?

THRESHOLD

so you present a signal---there is a 50/50 chance they will get it correct. In order to properly portray an individuals hearing, we have something called: _______: which is two choices but there are four outcomes.

Signal detection theory

Signal present--> And the sound was heard: a) hit b) miss c) correct rejection d) false alarm or false positive.

a) hit

signal present---> they DIDN'T hear the sond a) hit b) miss c) correct rejection d) false alarm or false positive.

b) miss

signal NOT present--> they claimed to NOT hear anything a) hit b) miss c) correct rejection d) false alarm or false positive.

c) correct rejection

signal not present---> claimed to have heard something a) hit b) miss c) correct rejection d) false alarm or false positive.

d) false alarm or false positive.

Is the softest sound at which the patient can detect the sound 50% of the time is known as?

clinical threshold

WE can figure a patients clinical threshold out by an ascending approach and a descending approach. start with a low level---then slowly increase the level until the patient responds to the sound. This is? you start with a higher level then slowly decrease the sound level until the patient no longer indicates that they hear the sound. This is?

ascending descending

The drawback of the ascending approach is that the patient may not respond at the softest level that they can hear. They may wait until they're certain that they hear the tone to respond. This is called

inhibition.

The problem with the descending approach is that the patient may think they can still hear the stimulus even after it has gone below their threshold. This is called

perseveration.

When finding a threshold, what type of response behavior would lead someone's threshold to be higher than it actually is?

inhibition.

There are several methods in psychoacoustics to examine an individual's threshold. stimulus presented--> patient says yes or no to hearing it--> No=increase stimulus yes= decrease stimulus The average of the "yes and no" response is calculated as their threshold. This is known as: a) the method of adjustment b) the method of limits c) Bekesy Tracking Method: d) The method of constant stimuli c) Hughson-Westlake procedure

b) the method of limits

the computer controls the stimulus based on the patient's responses. The test is completed when the reversal points become close enough to each other, say within 5 decibels, for the program to estimate the patient's threshold. This is what type of method? a) the method of adjustment b) the method of limits c) Bekesy Tracking Method: d) The method of constant stimuli c) Hughson-Westlake procedure

Bekesy Tracking Method--This method is typically used during industrial hearing screenings.

What method of testing for threshold does The individual controls the stimulus level by turning an unmarked knob. Stimulus is always changing in a continuous fashion. a) the method of adjustment b) the method of limits c) Bekesy Tracking Method: d) The method of constant stimuli c) Hughson-Westlake procedure

The method of adjustment :

The stimuli level is varied in a random fashion. And some trials are presented without a stimuli at all. The clinician keeps track of how many stimuli are perceived at each stimulus level. The level at which the patient perceived 50% of the stimuli, corrected for guessing, of course, is the threshold. a) the method of adjustment b) the method of limits c) Bekesy Tracking Method: d) The method of constant stimuli c) Hughson-Westlake procedure

The method of constant stimuli

-Zero decibel hearing level indicates the patient's thresholds : a) can not be cured b) are average c) Has no hearing loss

b) are average

If a patient has a threshold higher than zero decibel hearing level, it means : a) the patient can hear better than the average healthy person b) the sound has to be louder for the patient to just hear it . c) They have perfect hearing

b)the sound has to be louder for the patient to just hear it .

If the threshold is negative, it means : a) the patient can hear better than the average healthy person b) the sound has to be louder for the patient to just hear it . c) They have perfect hearing

a) the patient can hear better than the average healthy person

known as the "up five, down ten procedure" is the standard procedure used in clinical audiology today. It is a modified method of limits. - ->start at 30db for normal hearing (louder if you think they have hearing problems) - ->decrease the tone in 10 decibels steps until they can't hear the tone. - -> to fine threshold: increase tone by 5+ each time there is no response. - -> decrease by 10 when they do finally respond. - -> continue this until the patient responds 2/3 presentations at one level, and less than 2/3 times 5db below that level.

Hughson-Westlake procedure

*The order in which you test frequencies does matter. We always start with?

1,000 Hertz.

The patient senses the sound, but it has no tonal quality or pitch. It's almost as if you feel the sound as a tiny pressure in your ear, rather than hearing the sound. This is called?

atonal gap

*Out of these transducers, the most popular transducer to use when testing adult patients is: a) insert earphones b) super-aural earphones c) The bone oscillator d) sound field speakers

a) insert earphones

For BC testing, we test thresholds at ____ to_____hertz and intensities no greater than ___ dB HL,

we test thresholds at 250 to 4,000 hertz and intensities no greater than 60 dB HL

At higher intensity testing levels, we have to be careful that the patient is not just responding to the vibration, rather than hearing the tone. This is known as a a) Semivibration response b) false postive response c) Hit d) vibrotactile response.

vibrotactile response.

Most tuning fork tests are based on the occlusion effect. The occlusion effect occurs primarily due to the effects of osseo tympanic bone conduction. When the ear canal is blocked, the intensity of the sound increases. Since osseo tympanic bone conduction occurs primarily in the _____ frequency, the occlusion effect occurs when testing the ____frequencies. cover one ear and hum **

low

______is the most widely used tuning fork test.

The Weber test

What is the purpose of the Weber test: a) To determine which cochlea is damaged b) to see what decibel a person cannot stand to hear c) to determine if a present unilateral hearing loss is a conductive loss or sensorineural loss. d) To determine if the patient is undergoing vertigo to do conductive hearing loss

c) to determine if a present unilateral hearing loss is a conductive loss or sensorineural loss.

Which test has a tuning fork put on your forehead?

The weber test

When the tuning fork is put on your forehead, If the loss is ______ the sound will lateralized to the poorer ear due to the occlusion effect.

CONDUCTIVE The sound will be louder in the ear that has a conductive loss because the pathology in the middle or outer ear traps the sound radiations, resulting in the occlusion effect.

When the tuning fork is put on your forehead, If the patient's hearing loss is ________, the sound collateralize to the better ear because the ear with a healthier cochlea will hear the sound better

sensorineural

In the____the clinician strikes the tuning fork and places it on the mastoid of the patient. The doctor occludes the ear by closing the tragus over the ear canal. If the sound gets louder, then the patient's hearing in that ear is either normal or they have a ______hearing loss. If the sound doesn't get louder when the ear canal is closed, the patient has a ______hearing loss.

Bing test///sensorineural //conductive

What test is based off the fact that that bone has a higher impedance than air. (((FYI : high impedance= it does not transmit sound as well )

The Rinne test

In the Rinne test: - the tuning fork is struck and then placed on the mastoid. - The patient is instructed to tell the clinician when they no longer hear the tone - The tuning fork is then moved to outside the ear, and the patient is asked if they still hear the tone. If they still hear the tone, then the hearing loss is _______

sensorineural

To perform the ______, the tuning fork is struck and then held one inch from the patient's ear. The patient is instructed to tell the clinician when they no longer hear the tone. The tuning fork has been moved next to the clinician's ear and the clinician listens for the tone. If the clinician hears the tone after the patient can no longer hear it, then the patient's hearing it's considered abnormal.

Schwabach test

________ is the amount of energy that is absorbed by the skull as the sound passes from one ear to the other across or through the skull. a) external attenuation b) inner-outer attenuation c) false postive attenuation d) Interaural attenuation c) sensorineural attenuation

Interaural attenuation

What is the level of interaural attenuation for supra-aural earphones?

The level of interaural attenuation is 40 dB HL for supra-aural and circumaural earphones. That means that if a 60 dB HL tone is played in the left ear using supra-aural earphones, 20 dB HL of that sound as possibly reaching the cochlea in the right ear.

What is the level of interaural attenuation for insert earphones ?

the interaural attenuation for insert earphones can be as low as 55 dB HL

When testing with the bone oscillator, the level of interaural attenuation is?

0 db HL That means that if a 60 dB HL tone is played with the bone oscillator placed behind the left ear, 60 dB HL of that sound is reaching the cochlea in the right ear.

Which of the following transducers is used perform ear specific pure tone threshold that test all part of the auditory system? a) sound field speakers b) bone oscillator c) supra aural earphones d) Both A and C

c) supra aural earphones air conduction testing can be done with Supra aural earphones and sound field speakers, BUT WHEN TESTING with a sound field, the acoustic signal can reach both ears and we are unable to determine which ear is responding

When does interaural attenuation occur? a) the opposite ear detects a sound presented to the test ear b) energy is absorbed as it travels the skull from one ear to the other ear c) The clinician uses insert earphones d) a sound treated booth has double walls e) the clinician uses supra-aural earphones

b) energy is absorbed as it travels the skull from one ear to the other ear

Which of the following tuning fork response methods describes the response required when performing the Rinne Test? a) Have the patient indicate which ear they hear the tone in b) have the patient say if the tone is louder with the ear open or with the ear closed. c) have the patient indicate when they no longer hear sound via bone conduction d) compare patients hearing to clinicians hearing

c) have the patient indicate when they no longer hear sound via bone conduction

Which of the tuning fork test is the least reliable test procedure? a) weber b) schwabach c) bing d) rinne

b) schwabach It compares the hearing of the patient to that of the clinician...not good