Module 2

Question 1

Colonies (2)

Answer 1

Facultative - usually independent organisms that live together

Obligate - individuals that carry out specific functions

Question 2

Levels of Organisation (4)

Answer 2

Tissue - specialised cells working together

Organ - two or more tissues working together

System - group of organs working together

Organism - highest level of organisation

Question 3

Specialisation vs Differentiation (2)

Answer 3

Specialisation - having specific functions

Differentiation - unspecialised cells becoming specialised

Question 4

Types of Autotrophs (2)

Answer 4

Photosynthetic

Chemosynthetic

Question 5

Types of Heterotrophs (7)

Answer 5

Photoheterotrophs

Chemoheterotrophs

Herbivores

Carnivores

Omnivores

Saprotrophic

Parasitic

Question 6

Stomata vs. Chloroplast (2)

Answer 6

Stomata - regulates gas and water exchange

Chloroplast - site of photosynthesis

Question 7

Vascular Tissue (2)

Answer 7

Xylem - Movement of inorganic compounds like water

Phloem - movement of organic compounds like dissolved sugars

Question 8

Roots (2)

Answer 8

Anchorage

Absorption of water and minerals

Question 9

Leaves (3)

Answer 9

waxy waterproof layer called cuticle

3 layers: upper and lower epidermis and mesophyll

Epidermis lacks chloroplast but is see through

Question 10

Requirements for good digestive system (7)

Answer 10

Effective mechanisms for catching food

Appropriate physical breakdown of food

One-way gut with separation of tasks

Efficient transport and storage of ingested food

Efficient sequential release of digestive enzymes

SA

Egestion of unwanted materials

Question 11

Physical vs. chemical breakdown (2)

Answer 11

Physical - occurs first, breaks food down to give better SA:V ratio

Chemical - carried out by enzymes

Question 12

Body parts and their role in digestion (4)

Answer 12

Mouth - amylases to break down carbs

Stomach - proteases to break down proteins

Small intestine - absorb minerals and water

Large intestine - absorb water

Question 13

Xylem (2)

Answer 13

Vessels - join end to end making a straw

Tracheids - single large tapering water-filled cells

Question 14

Water pathways (2)

Answer 14

Extracellular - most water pass between cells

Cytoplasmic - involves substances entering via root hairs and then passing from cell to cell via active transport

Question 15

Phloem (4)

Answer 15

Sieve tubes - linear ross that act like straws with no nucleus

Companion cells - provide metabolic support for the sieve tube cells

Parenchyma cell - soft tissue that provides buoyancy and aids in wound repair

Sclerenchyma - structural support and strength

Question 16

Transpiration factors (3)

Answer 16

Humidity - decrease

Temperature - dry and hot increases

Wind - strong winds increase

Question 17

Cardiovascular pathways and components (2)

Answer 17

pathways - pulmonary (lungs) and systemic (whole body)

components - arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 18

Open vs. closed systems (2)

Answer 18

Open - no blood vessels (insects)

Closed - pumps blood to maintain blood pressure (humans)