Module 2 Flashcards
Planning
establishing organizational goals and deciding how to accomplish them
organizing
grouping resources and activities in order to achieve a result in an efficient and effective manner
leading
influencing people to work towards a common goal
motivating
providing reasons so that people work in the best interests of an organization
strategic plan
defines what business the company is in or wants to be along with what kind of company it is or wants to be.
Tactical plans
smaller scale plans designed to implement a strategy, usually cover a one to three year period
Operational plans
made to implement tactical plans, usually covering a year or less
contingency plan
outlines alternatives that can be taken if other plans are ineffective or disrupted.
Goal
an end result that is expected to be achieved over a one to ten year period
Objective
a statement that details what is expected to be achieved over a short period of time
Conceptual skills
involve the ability to think in abstract terms and allows managers to see how everything works together within an organization
Analytical skills
the ability to identify problems, create reasonable alternatives and then select the best alternative
Interpersonal skills
the ability to deal effectively with other people
Technical skills
involve specific skills needed to accomplish a specialized task
Communication skills
involve the ability to write, speak and listen effectively
Autocratic leader
make decisions unilaterally with little concern of employee opinions
Participative leadership
when all members of a team are consulted before a decision is made, helping workers understand what goals are important while fostering a sense of commitment and ownership
Entrepreneurial leadership
When the manager seeks to inspire workers with a vision of what can be accomplished to benefit all stakeholders. This is personally dependent and generally enthusiastic, driven, goal oriented and charismatic.
four steps of the managerial decision-making process
- identify problem/opportunity
- generate alternative
- selecting an alternative
- implementing and evaluating solution
chain of command
the line of authority that extends from the highest levels of an organization to its lowest levels.
Job specialization
the separation of activities with an organization into distinct tasks and having to assign those tasks to different people
Job rotation
people are given different tasks and shift between tasks, instead of just sticking to one
Departmentalization
the process of grouping jobs into manageable units
Departmentalization types
By function, product, location, and customer
delegation
assigning part of a manager’s work and power to other workers
decentralized organization
attempts to spread authority widely across the lower levels
centralized organization
works to concentrate authority at the higher levels
wide span of management
when a manager has many subordinates
narrow span of management
manager only has a few subordinates
flat organizational height
span of management is wide and fewer levels are needed
tall organization
narrow management and needs more levels
corporate culture
the inner rites, rituals, heroes and values of a firm
human resource management
all the activities involved in acquiring, maintaining and developing an organization’s human resources
job analysis
determining the nature of a position
job description
lists the elements that makeup a position
job specification
lists required job qualifications
recruiting
attracting people to apply for positions
selection
choosing an hiring most qualified applicant
orientation
acquainting new employees with the firm
Common means to obtain applicant info
applications, tests, interviews, references, assessment centers
Four elements of effective employee reward system
- satisfy basic employee needs
- rewards are comparable to other firms
- distributed fairly
- recognize that people have different needs
compensation
payment received for labor
benefits
reward in addition to compensation given indirectly
hourly wage
paid per amoung of hour of work
salary
the specific amount paid per calendar period, regardless of hours worked
commission
payment as a percentage of sales revenue
performance appraisal
evaluation of an employee’s current and potential levels of performance
motivation
the individual internal process that energizes, directs and sustains behavior
scientific management
the application of scientific principles to the management of work and employees
Hawthorne Studies
Objective was to determine the effects of work environment on employee performance
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
- self-actualization needs
- esteems needs
- social needs
- safety needs
- physiological needs
Equity theory
theory of motivation based on the assumption that motivation depends on how much we want something and how likely we are to get it
Equity theory
theory of motivation based on the premise that people are motivated to obtain and preserve equitable treatment for themselves
expectancy theory
theory of motivation based on the assumption that motivation depends on how much we want something and how likely we are to get it
goal-setting theory
suggests that employees are motivated to achieve goals that they and their managers establish together
labor union
an organization of workers acting together to negotiate wages and working conditions with employers
craft union
an organization of skilled workers in a single craft or trade
American Federation of Labor
made up of many specific labor unions, an umbrella organization
Congress of Industrial Organizations
Focused on unskilled and semi-skilled workers
La Guardia Act
made it difficult to obtain court orders banning strikes, picketing and union membership drives
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner)
collective barganing, certification v. decertification, and National Labor Relations Board
Fair Labor Standards Act
set federal minimum wage and banned child labor
Taft- Hartley Act
the balance between union and management authority
collective bargaining
the process of negotiating a labor contract with an employer
arbitration
step in the grievance procedure in which a neutral party hears the two sides of a dispute and renders binary decisions
Union tactics
strikes, slowdowns, boycotts, pickets
management tactics
lockouts, strikebreakers, injunctions
