Module 2 Flashcards
What is acoustic power? How is it measured?
Describes how much energy is radiated. Measured in watts. Ex: battery, wall socket…
What is intensity? What is it measured in?
Radiates outward from the source in a sphere, as radius gets bigger, the energy is spread over a much larger sphere. Measured in watts per unit area.
What is the inverse square law?
Intensity diminishes in proportion to the square of the distance from the source. Ex: Distance 1/ intensity 1, distance 2/ intensity X/2 squared=1/4…
What do we adjust as we get louder?
Sub glottal pressure, larger vocal fold excursions/collisions, larger articulator movements, and higher oral pressure (consonants stronger)
What is a vocal range profile?
Measures dB range across F0 range. Popular in Europe, not as standardized as audio grams.
What causes reduced loudness?
Disorders… Pitch changes range of loudness.
How do we collect data for VRP?
10 points between min and max F0, min and max intensity at each pitch and calculate area and shape.
Fundamental f increases are associated with
Amplitude increases! Due to vocal folds oscillation etc.
VRP +/-
Can be time consuming, useful for voice patient not for SLP veal, practice effects with repetition, motivation plays role, max effort varies with instructions to avoid vocal damage.
How do we represent the amplitude of a signal?
Root mean square (RMS). Get average of all squared values, and then get square root of the average. Makes it positive!
What is digital sound?
Music is STORED in numeric form, it is played back in analog form.
What does analog mean?
Means signal is analogous to the phenomenon. Ex: Temp is represented by mercury in a thermometer- more height- higher temp. Large positive voltage= air compression, large negative voltage= air rarefaction
Analog signals are continuous in…
How are continuous signals examined?
Are there gaps? How is it represented?
Time and amplitude.
They can be examined in any level of detail, as there are NO gaps. Can’t be represented by a table of numbers, only a graph could truly show it.
What are common analog devices?
Clocks, tape measures, Mercury thermometer, dimmer switch on a light.
What are digital signals?
Are discrete in time and amplitude. Numbers represent snapshots over time and have finite precision (limited number of decimal places). They CAN be represented by a table of numbers, are unknowns between points. If close enough together in time, almost as if it’s continuous.
