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Physical & Geometric Optics > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What theories of light did Isaac Newton propose?

A

Particle Theory

Corpuscular Theory

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2
Q

Who proposed the Particle Theory of light?

A

Isaac Newton

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3
Q

Who proposed the Corpuscular Theory of light?

A

Isaac Newton

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4
Q

What theory of light did Robert Hooke and Huygens propose?

A

Wave Theory

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5
Q

Who proposed the Wave Theory of light?

A

Robert Hooke & Huygens in the 1600’s

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6
Q

Who substantiated the wave theory of light through the Double Slit experiment?

A

Thomas Young in 1800

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7
Q

What did Thomas Young do in 1800?

A

Substantiated the Wave Theory of light through the Double Slit experiment

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8
Q

Who proposed that light is electromagnetic radiation and waves are transverse?

A

James Maxwell

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9
Q

What did James Maxwell propose?

A

That light is electromagnetic radiation and waves are transverse

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10
Q

Who didn’t agree with the Wave Theory, but instead believed light was discrete packets of energy called quanta (later renamed photons)?

A

Max Plank

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11
Q

Who was Max Plank?

A

He didn’t agree with the Wave Theory of light, but instead believed that light was discrete packets of energy called quanta (later renamed photons)

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12
Q

What Theory of light did Max Plank propose?

A

Quantum Theory of Light in 1900 - light is radiated and absorbed continuously in small units (photons)

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13
Q

Who proposed the Quantum theory of light?

A

Max Plank

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14
Q

Who proposed that the behavior of light had characteristics of both the wave and particle theory?

A

Albert Einstein in 1905

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15
Q

What theory of light did Albert Einstein believe?

A

That the behavior of light had characteristics of both the wave and particle theory

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16
Q

Explain the Double Slit experiment

A

One surface, one slit
Second surface, two slits
Strip pattern appears (light and dark)
Interference pattern, two types (constructive interference and destructive interference)

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17
Q

What is constructive interference?

A

When the waves meet the amplitudes are added together (increased)

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18
Q

What is destructive interference?

A

When the waves meet the amplitudes cancel each other out (crest meets the trough)

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19
Q

What are the 3 parts of a wave?

A

Crest
Trough
Wavelength

20
Q

What is the top of a wave called?

A

Crest

21
Q

What is the bottom of a wave called?

A

Trough

22
Q

What is the distance from a point on one wave to the corresponding point on the next wave?

A

Wavelength

23
Q

What is the number of waves that pass in 1 second called?

A

Frequency

24
Q

What is the distance that the wave will travel in 1 second called?

A

Speed

25
Q

What is the distance from the center line to the peak or to the valley of a wave called?

A

Amplitude

26
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum (nm) from shortest wavelength (highest freq) to longest wavelength (shortest freq)?

A 
Gamma Rays (10 to the -14)
UV (10 to the -8)
Visible light (10 to the -6)
IR radiation (10 to the -4)
A-C (10 to the 8)
27
Q

List the order of colors in the visible spectrum

A 
Red (700 nm)
Orange 
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet (400 nm)
28
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

3 x 10 to the 8 m/sec or 186,000 miles/sec

29
Q

Wavelength and frequency have what type of relationship?

A

Inversely proportionate

30
Q

What is a photon?

A

smallest amount of light possible; a particle of light; that travels in a straight line unless it changes speed or passes a barrier

31
Q

What is a ray?

A

the path of a single photon of light from a single point on a light source

32
Q

What are pencils?

A

a group of rays divergent from a single point on a light source

33
Q

What is a beam of light?

A

the group of pencils originating from all of the points on a light source

34
Q

What is the formula for velocity of light?

A

v (speed of light) = freq x wavelength

35
Q

What is the index of refraction?

A

the ratio of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in another medium

36
Q

What is the normal?

A

a line perpendicular to the reflecting surface at the point of reflection

37
Q

What is the angle of reflection?

A

the angle at which the light ray is reflected

38
Q

What does the angle of incidence equal?

A

the angle of reflection

39
Q

What does Snell’s Law deal with?

A

Refraction of a single light ray

40
Q

What is refraction?

A

The bending of light by a lens or optical system

41
Q

What is the refractive index of air?

A

1

42
Q

What is the formula for angle of deviation?

A

d = i - i’

43
Q

What is the formula for Snell’s Law?

A 
n sin i = n' sin i'
where n = refractive index of material 1
n' = refractive index of material 2
i = angle of incidence
i' = angle of refraction
44
Q

What is the refracted ray?

A

the angle between the normal and the path of the refracted ray

45
Q

What are the 3 possible outcomes of Snell’s Law?

A

Light bends toward the normal
Light bends away from the normal
Light travels unrefracted when incident at 90 degrees to the interface

Physical & Geometric Optics (4 decks)

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