Module 2-4 Flashcards
1
Q
Beta 1is what and primary located in
A
Heart
2
Q
Beta 2 does what and is located primarily in
A
Lungs
3
Q
Two Kidney baroreceptor
A
Renin, Angio-2
4
Q
Preload is
A
How much stretch/ pressure goes into the right side of the heart
5
Q
Afterload is
A
How much work the ventricles have to do in order to eject out to the body
6
Q
AV valves are open during
A
Diastole
7
Q
AV valves close during
A
Systole
8
Q
Semilunar valves are closed during
A
Diastole
9
Q
Semilunar valves are open during
A
Systole
10
Q
Semilunar valves are
A
Pulmonary, Aortic
11
Q
S4 can also be called _____ and is caused because of ___
A
Atrial gallop, ventricular Hytrop.
12
Q
AV valves
A
Tricuspid, Mitral
13
Q
Preload hemodynamics include
A
RAP/CVP, RV, PAOP (wedge)
14
Q
Stroke volume is
A
How much blood (cc) the heart pumps our per beat
15
Q
S1 is Systolic or diastolic?
A
Systolic
16
Q
S2 is systolic or diastolic?
A
Diastolic
17
Q
S3 is a s/s of and is also called
A
Heart failure, Fluid overload and ventricular gallop
18
Q
SVR is
A
How hard the vascular system has to work in order to push blood through the body
19
Q
Normal PAP pressure is
A
25/10 (quarter over a dime)
20
Q
PAOP (wedge) pressure is between
A
8-12
21
Q
RAP/CVP range is between
A
2-6 (a nickel if you will lol)
22
Q
Large V waves in the CVP wave form means
A
Mitral regurgitation
23
Q
High afterload causes
A
Vasoconstriction
24
Q
Low afterload causes
A
Vasodilation
25
Mitral stenosis causes __ __ waves in the CVP
Large a-waves
26
Myocardial necrosis/ damage causes ___ waves in an EKG
Q-waves
27
Alpha receptors are in the ____ (body part)
Peripherals
28
PVR is
How hard the RV is working to get blood into the lungs/ pulm valve
29
Vasopressin is an
Antidiuretic hormone
30
Vasopressin has V1 and V2. What does V1 do and what does V2 do?
V1: Stimulates smooth muscle and contracts the vessels.
V2: increases water reabsorption
31
RCA profuses what wall and what other parts of the heart
Inferior wall
Right ventricle
Posterior wall can also be affected
32
With Inferior and Lateral MIs, what other wall of the heart should we look at?
Posterior
33
In an Inferior and lateral wall MI, there is ST depression in what leads?
ST depression in V1-V3
34
In regards to afterload, what side of the heart is associated with PVR
Right side of the heart
35
In regards to afterload, what side of the heart is SVR referring to?
Left side of the heart
36
What kinda drug is Fenoldopam?
Beta blocker and a D1 dopamine receptor agonist
37
JVD, Associated with prox RCA and inferior wall, preload dependent and S1 elevation in V1
RV infarction
38
The leads for a lateral wall MI and what other walls are associated and what vessel?
Change in V5, V6, I, avL
Left circumflex
Associated with the inferior wall and anterior
39
A split s1 means
Mitral valve opens before the tricuspid
40
A split S2 means
Aortic valve opens before pulmonic
(Typically the Pulmonic closes 1st and then aortic)
41
The left main coronary artery is the common connection between what vessels?
LAD, Circumflex, Ramus
42
Heart failure + high/ low afterload/preload?
High afterload
43
In an EKG, the P waves signifies
Atrial depolarization
44
In an EKG, the PR signifies
AV conduction time
45
In an EKG, the QRS waves signifies
Ventricular depolarization
46
In an EKG, the T waves signifies
Ventricular repolarization
47
In an EKG, the QT signifies
Ventricular repolarization time
48
Normal range for RV pressure?
15-30/0-8
49
Pressure for LV
100
50
Anterior wall MI can cause what arrhythmia
2 degree AVB type 2
51
In an anterior septal MI, what leads are we looking at and what other s/s
V1-v4
New Bundle branch block or complete heart block
Murmur
Possible cardiogenic shock
52
For an inferior wall MI what leads are we looking at and what other s/s
Leads: II, III, avF
Sinus Brady, 2VB type 1, 3rd degree AVB
*remember to always look at the posterior wall/ the RV for RV failure
53
What do diuretics do to preload?
Decreases preload
54
What medication is used for extravasation
Regitine (Phentolamine)
55
ST elevation in leads V1-V4
Anteroseptal
56
Artery that affects an Anteroseptpal wall MI
LAD and Left main
57
Leads I, avL, V5-v6
Lateral
58
The Lateral wall affects what arteries?
L Circumflex and LAD
59
II, III, avF
Inferior wall
60
Inferior wall affects what arteries?
RCA and L. Circumflex
61
V7-V9
Posterior
62
ST depression in V1-V3
Posterior
63
Posterior wall affects what arteries
RCA, L. Circumflex
64
Lead V1
Right Ventricle
65
The RCA perfumes what parts of the heart
RV, RA, SA node/AV node, posterior septum
66
67
The Circumflex perfuses
Lateral wall, Left atrium, SA node, posterior left ventricle, posterior septum
68
The LAD perfuses
Septal and anterior wall, front/bottom of LV, front of septum, bundle of HIS, Bundle branch, papillary muscle
69
Low CO/CI
High Preload
High afterload (SVR)
Low SVO2
Cardiogenic shock
70
Low CO/CI
Low Preload
High afterload (SVR)
Low SVO2
Hypovolemic/Heorrhagic
71
Low CO/CI
Low Preload
Low afterload (SVR)
Low SVO2
Distributive/ Septic
72
% of atrial kick and when?
20-30% during diastole
73
Papillary muscle rupture can cause what to what valve?
Mitral regurgitation (large V waves in CVP)
74
Splits S1 and S2 sounds are best heard
During inspiration
75
Why does an atrial gallop happen
When the left ventricles hypertrophy
76
Large A waves is an indication of
Mitral Stenosis
77
Normal range for SVO2
65-70%
78
Neo: alpha, beta 1 or beta 2?
Alpha
79
Alpha receptors cause
Vasoconstriction
80
Levo: Alpha, beta1, beta 2?
Alpha and B1
81
Epi: Alpha, Beta 1, beta 2
Alpha, beta 1 and Beta 2
82
Dopamine: alpha, beta 1 or beta 2?
++ alpha, ++++ b1, + beta 2
83
Dobutamine: alpha, beta 1, beta 2
More B1, less alpha and some beta 2
84
What does milrinone do? And what kind of drug is it?
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, vasodilator, increases contractility
85
What is thiocyanate toxicity?
Prolonged administration of Nipride. Renal and liver dysfunction
86
Dihydropyridines (DHP) “dipines” include what drugs? What does it do?
Amlodipine, felodipine, Nifedipine, Nicardipine Clevi
Calcium channel blocker, treats HTN, they are vasoselective, used for angina
87
tridil and nitropursside is
And IV nitrate. Tridil is mostly a venodialation
Nipride: afterload ad preload reducer
88
In an IABP, the balloon inflates during
Onset of diastole
89
Where should the iabp sit?
2nd-3rd intercostal
1-2cm distal to SCA
90
Right Ventricular infarction includes what walls of the heart/vessel?
Proximal RCA, inferior wall MI
91
ST Elevation in leads V1-V4 is likely the ___ that is occluded.
LAD
92
What type of heart block would you monitor with an anterior wall MI?
2nd degree type 2
93
With inferior MI’s always look for _______
RV infarction
94
With inferior and lateral MIs always look for ____ changes and ST depression in leads ____
Posterior
V1-V3
95
Anteroseptal MI includes elevation in what leads?
V1-V4
96
In an Anteroseptal MI what artery is affected?
LAD
97
98
Leads II,III, avF
2nd degree AVB type1
RV infarction
Inferior wall MI
99
Lead V7-V9
Accompanies by Inferior or lateral
Posterior MI
100
What is the deadly quartet?
Dyslipidemia
HTN
Hyperglycemia
Abdominal obesity
101
What elevated bio markers do we look at with Acute Coronary Symptom
Troponin
102
What medication is used to treat coronary vasospasm caused by Prinzmetal’s angina?
Calcium channel blocker
103
What is Prinzmetals angina?
Sudden pain caused from coronary vasospasm
104
What are s/s and characteristics of a NSTEMI
Partial occlusion of coronary artery.
Pain at rest
Cardiac bio markers are elevated
105
ST depression and T wave inversion in what cardiac emergency?
NSTEMI
106
Immediate changes seen in a STEMI
ST elevation
107
What is a s/s of having an MI after several days?
Q waves
108
What kinds of drugs should be considered for an STEMI treatment?
Aspirin
Nitro
O2
P2Y12 inhibitor
109
Aspirin helps prevent the formation of
Thromboxane A2
110
Nitroglycerin is a potent
Vasodilator and VENOdialator
111
What is the gold standard time for a pt with a STEMI and needs a PCI
90 minutes
112
113
