module 2-4 Flashcards by Chloe Unknown

Adolescence is a developmental stage which undergoes identity or role confusion was discussed by ____________\?

Erik Erikson

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“self-awareness is an important aspect of understanding the self” is a theory of the self proposed by _________?

Carl Rogers

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pertains to how much you as an individual is aware of your own psychological make-up, and what makes you unique as a person, as well as your own strengths and weaknesses

self awareness

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State the Stages of Psychosocial Development by erik erikson

infancy
early childhood
preschool
school age
adolescence
young adulthood
middle adulthood
maturity

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a process that separates the adolescence from the strong parental expectations imposed on them

forming an identity

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This theory involves the view on the development of self-identity.

Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Developmental theory of the Self

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the positive force that contributes to identity formation and lays the foundation for certain strengths and virtues in life such as hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity, love, care, and wisdom

the ego

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this theory explores the developmental tasks that one needs to accomplish to be developed

Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Developmental theory of the Self

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Trust versus Mistrust

infancy

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Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Early childhood

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Initiative versus guilt

preschool

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Industry versus inferiority

school age

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Identity formation versus identity confusion

adolescence

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Intimacy versus isolation

Young adult

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Generativity versus stagnation

Middle Adulthood

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Integrity versus despair

maturity

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The mind consists of three structures that personality is developed: which are

the id, ego, and superego

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refers to the personality aspect characterized by its need to satisfy basic urges and desires. It operates based on pleasure-seeking the principle, impulsive, child-like, and needs instant gratification

the ID

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refers to the I and it operates on the reality principle and it controls the id. It is the mediator between the id and the superego

The EGO

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refers to the “conscience” and it operates based on the morality principle. It makes one feel guilty if the rules are violated. It strives for perfection and morals, not pleasure

The SUPEREGO

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The ego has the ability to resolve the conflict between the structures known as

ego strength

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This lasts from birth up to the first year of life.
(sarcasm and tactlessness )

oral stage

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It occurs at around 2 years old. The child derives pleasure from the elimination of body wastes.
(clumsiness or obsession with cleanliness)

anal stage

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This occurs around ages 3 and 6. During this stage child derive pleasure from examining, playing, touching, or displaying their genitals motivated by curiosity of the differences between the anatomy of man and woman.
(abnormal sex behaviors)

Phallic stage

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It lasts from 7 and 12 years of age. Sexual energy is repressed because children become busy with school.

latency stage

This starts from adolescence up to adulthood. Pleasure is derived from the genital area and the individual strives to satisfy their sexual drives from sexual relationships but sexual problems may arise due to inappropriate sexual behaviors

genital stage

The Self as the Central Archetype

theory of Carl Jung

the universal models after which one’s roles are patterned or based. It represents the hidden potentials of the psyche or total personality. Jung proposed that the psyche continuously develops throughout one’s lifetime but that psyche starts to show a definite form and content during the adolescent period

archetype

It represents the hidden potentials of the psyche or total personality. Jung proposed that the psyche continuously develops throughout one’s lifetime but that psyche starts to show a definite form and content during the adolescent period

archetype

Jung emphasized that archetypes reside in the

personal unconscious or “forgotten experiences” common to all human beings, called the collective unconscious

four major archetypes

persona, shadow, animus/anima, and self

refers to social roles that the individual is presenting to others

persona

the repressed thoughts that are socially unacceptable and it is often considered as the dark side of the psyche

shadow

the masculine side of the female psyche and the anima is the feminine side of the male psyche

animus

the central archetype that unites all parts of the psyche while the ego is the individual’s conscious perception of the self.

self

the Self as Proactive and Agentic

Albert Bandura's theory

According to ____________, humans are perceived as proactive agents of experiences through their agency

Albert Bandura

consists of the endowments, belief systems, self-regulatory capabilities, and distributed structures and functions in which personal influence is exercised, instead of a discrete entity.

agency

enable people to play a part in their self-development, adaptation, and self-renewal. Human agency involves intentionality, forethought, self-reactiveness, and self-reflectiveness.

agency

refers to acts done intentionally. It means intentions center on plans of action with the anticipation of possible outcomes

intentionality

enables the person to anticipate the consequences of prospective actions. Through forethought, people are guided in their actions in the anticipation of future events.

forethought

about making choices and choosing the proper course of action as well as motivating and regulating them.

self reactiveness

makes the individual reflect upon or views his thoughts and actions.

self reflectiveness

refers to the individual’s belief that he can perform any task that influences whether he will think pessimistically or optimistically and also in self-enhancing or self-hindering

self-efficacy

play a major role in self-regulation

efficacy beliefs

It is the ability of an individual to control his own behavior independently from others.

self regulation

One important aspect of understanding the self during adolescence period is the focus on

self concept

defines the self as a flexible and changing perception of personal identity.

Carl Rogers

two components of self-concept according to Rogers

the real self and the ideal self

includes all the ideas and the awareness of what one is and what one can do.

The real self

the thought of what one should be or what one aspires to be that includes one’s goals in life.

ideal self

Concept of the Me-Self and the I-Self

William James

proposed that the self is divided into two categories: The I-Self and Me-Self.

William James

refers to the self that knows who he is that is also known as the “thinking self”

I-Self

The I-Self reflects the soul of a person or the mind that is also called the

“pure ego”

the empirical self that refers to the individual’s personal experiences and divided into subcategories

Me-Self

attributed to an individual’s physical attributes and material possessions that contribute to one’s self-image

the material self

refers to who a person is and how he acts in social situations. William James believes that individuals have different social selves depending on the context of a social situation. A student may act differently in school and at home with his family.

social self

refers to the most intimate and important part of the self that includes the individual’s purpose, core values, conscience, and moral behavior. James believes that the path to understanding the spiritual self requires introspection, which is looking through one’s innermost feelings and thoughts.

spiritual self

the attainment and stability of self-identity are "freely chosen"

modern society

The Self as a Product of Modern Society

Gerry Lanuza

The Self as Product of Postmodern Society

Jean Baudrillard

individuals achieve self-identity through prestige symbols that they consume. Individuals want to have a position in society through the quality of prestige symbols that they can afford to consume.

postmodern

describes the process wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them. Using social interaction as a type of “mirror,” people use the judgments they receive from others to measure their own worth, values, and behavior.

The looking-glass self

Charles Horton Cooley

Theory of the Social Self

George Herbert Mead,

supports the view that a person develops a sense of self through social interaction and not the biological condition of that interaction.

George Herbert Mead (Theory of the Social Self)

is the subjective element and the active side of the self

The "I"

on the other hand is the objective element of the self that represents the internalized attitudes and demands of other people and the individual's awareness of those demands.

"me"

state Self in three-stage process

Preparatory Stage. Play Stage, Game Stage

Children imitate the people around them especially family member

Preparatory Stage

Children start to view themselves in relation to others as they learn to communicate through language and other symbols

Play Stage

Children understand not only their own social position but also of others around them

Game Stage

is concerned with how the cultural and biological processes interact to shape human experience and develop self-identity.

The anthropological perspective of the self

One of the most complex areas of discipline has explored various meanings of culture, self, and identity in the desire to come up with a better understanding of the self

ANTHROPOLOGY

Is concerned with how cultural and biological processes interact to shape human experience.

ANTHROPOLOGY

considers human experience as an interplay of “nature” referring to genetic inheritance which sets the individual’s potentials, and “nurture”, referring to the sociocultural environment.

ANTHROPOLOGY

is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society

culture

The Construction of the Self and Identity

Edward Tylor