Module 2 Flashcards
What is syndesmosis?
A connection of bone by ligament.
What is sacrolemma?
The delicate plasma membrane covering every striated muscle fiber.
What is a Z-line?
An anchoring point of actin filaments at either end of the sacromere.
What is lactic acid called in horses?
Pyruvic acid.
What is epiphysitis and how is it caused? And how do you recognize it?
Equine rickets; usually affects large bones, occurring when joints become enlarged. Caused by overfeeding young horses. Recognized by slight lameness.
How do you know that muscle is toned?
Muscle is relaxed but fibers are contracting first one group then another. It’s not visible, but muscle stays firm, healthy and ready for action.
What are common types of body movements?
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, Circumduction, pronation, supination, inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
What does bone store?
Minerals and calcium.
What does a fixator do and give me an example?
Muscles that hold a bone still or stabilized. Vertebral column are fixators as well as attaching the scapula to the thoracic.
What are synergists?
When a muscle crosses two or more joints the synergist stabilizes the joint. Antagonist and synergist muscles also have effect on smooth, coordinated and precise movements.
What is a prime mover?
A prime mover has a major responsibility for causing a particular movement.
What are the 3 types of joints?
Synarthrosis, Amphiarthiosis, and diarthosis
What is synarthosis?
Immoveable joint. Examples: axial skeleton and sutures
What is amphiarthiosis?
Slightly moveable. Examples Axial skeleton and between the vertebra
What is diarthrosis?
Freely moveable. Example limbs and articulation
The skeleton is divided into two divisions, what are they called and examples.
Axial Skeleton: the whole skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton: limbs and pelvis
Extra: Skeletal system: joints, cartilage and ligaments.
What is isometrically contracting and give an example?
Muscle contracts but doesn’t shorten. Example pushing against a wall.
What are isotonic contractions and give examples.
Muscle contraction in which tension continues while length of muscle decreases during mechanical work. The muscle contracts and shortens. Examples: bending knee, rotating arms and smile.
What is periosteum?
Hundreds of connective tissue fibers called sharpy’s fibers. They cover the outside of the bone.
What is aerobic?
Requiring the present of air/oxygen.
What is anaerobic?
Live in the absence of air or oxygen. Creates lactic acid and muscle fatigue.
What attaches the Z line?
Actin
What attaches the M line?
Myosin
Why are myosin heads sometimes called cross bridges?
Because they link the thin to the think filaments together during contraction.