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Psychology Exam 1 > Module 2 & 3 > Flashcards

Module 2 & 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

William Wundt

A

credited with making psychology an independent science. Investigated how sensations, images, and feelings combine to make up personal experience. 1879

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2
Q

William James

A

How the mind functions adapt us to our environment. Regarded consciousness as an ever changing ‘stream’ or ‘flow’ of images and sensations

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3
Q

BF Skinner

A

believed that actions are controlled by rewards and punishments.

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4
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

conditioned reflexes (dog salivating at sight of food)

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5
Q

John B Watson

A

Observed the relationship between stimuli and response (any muscular action, glandular activity or other identifiable aspect of behavior) Mice

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6
Q

Behaviorist view

A

behavior is shaped and controlled by ones environment

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7
Q

cognitive view

A

behavior results from mental processing of information

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8
Q

psychodynamic view

A

behavior is directed by unconscious forces

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9
Q

humanistic view

A

behavior is guided by self-image and the need for personal growth

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10
Q

humanistic view

A

behavior is guided by self-image and the need for personal growth

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11
Q

biopsychological view

A

behavior is the result of internal physical, chemical, and biological processes

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12
Q

evolutionary view

A

behavior is the result of evolution

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13
Q

sociocultural view

A

behavior is influenced by ones social and cultural context

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14
Q

eclectic perspective

A

understanding that a single perspective cannot explain complex human behavior.
Draws insights from a variety of perspectives

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15
Q

eclectic perspective

A

understanding that a single perspective cannot explain complex human behavior.
Draws insights from a variety of perspectives

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16
Q

Psychology

A

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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17
Q

Goals of psychology

A

to understand, predict, describe and control behavior

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18
Q

Common sense assumptions

A

assumptions we develop from what we have been told, our psychological observations and analysis throughout our lives

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19
Q

Top down

A

Thinking

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20
Q

bottom up

A

relationships and experiences

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21
Q

psychiatrist

A

works in hospital, gives out prescriptions

22
Q

psychologist

A

private practice, cannot give out medication, expert on science of the mind

23
Q

counselor

A

trained to give guidance on personal, social, or psychological problems

24
Q

Social worker

A

works with families, in home care

25
Q

scientific observation

A

an empirical investigation structured to answer question about the world in a systematic and intersubjective fashion

26
Q

research method

A

a systematic approach to answering scientific questions

27
Q

uncritical acceptance

A

the tendency to believe generally positive or flattering descriptions of oneself

28
Q

confirmation bias

A

the tendency to remember or notice information that fits ones expectation, while forgetting discrepancies

29
Q

barnum effect

A

the tendency to consider a personal description accurate if it is started ion general terms

30
Q

operation definition

A

defining a scientific concept by stating the s[ecific action or procedures used to measure it.

31
Q

introspection

A

to look within; to examine ones own thoughts, feelings, and sensations

32
Q

structuralism

A

the school of thought concerned with analyzing sensation and personal experience into basic elements

33
Q

functionalism

A

the school of psychology concerned with how behavior an mental abilities help people adapt to their environments

34
Q

behaviorism

A

the school of psychology that emphasizes the study of overt, observable behavior

35
Q

cognitive behaviorism

A

an approach that combines behavioral principles with cognition to explain behavior

36
Q

gestalt psychology

A

a school of psychology emphasizing the study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units, not by analysis into parts

37
Q

unconscious

A

contents of the mind that are beyond awareness, especially impulses and desires not directly know to a person

38
Q

psychoanalysis

A

a freudian approach to psychotherapy that emphasizes exploring unconscious conflicts

39
Q

neo freudian

A

a psychologist who accepts the broad features of Freud’s theory but has revisited the theory to fit his or her own conceptions

40
Q

psychodynamic theory

A

any theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motivates, and unconscious forces

41
Q

humanism

A

an approach to psychology that focuses on human experience, problems, potentials and ideals

42
Q

determinism

A

the idea that all behavior has prior causes that would completely explain ones choices and actions if all such causes were known

43
Q

free will

A

the idea that human beings are capable of making choices or decisions

44
Q

self-actualization

A

the ongoing process of fully developing one’s personal potential

45
Q

biological perspective

A

the attempt to explain behavior in therms of underlying biological principles

46
Q

psychological perspective

A

the traditional view that behavior is shaped by psychological processes occurring at the level of the individual

47
Q

positive psychology

A

the study of human strengths, virtues, and effective functioning

48
Q

sociocultural perspective

A

the focus on the importance of social and cultural contexts in influencing the behavior of individuals

49
Q

cultural relativity

A

the idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs

50
Q

animal model

A

in research, an animal whose behavior is studied to derive principles that may apply to human behavior

Psychology Exam 1 (2 decks)

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