MODULE 2 - 2.1.1 atomic structure & isotopes

Question 1

Where is most of the mass of an atom located?

Answer 1

The nucleus

Question 2

What is the nucleus made of?

Answer 2

Protons and electrons

Question 3

Relative charge and mass of a proton?

Answer 3

+1 and 1

Question 4

Relative charge and mass of a neutron?

Answer 4

0 and 1

Question 5

Relative charge and mass of an electron?

Answer 5

-1 and 1/1836

Question 6

What is the mass number?

Answer 6

on top of the element. Tells us p+ and e- number

Question 7

What is the atomic number

Answer 7

Proton number

Question 8

Why are all atoms neutral?

Answer 8

Number of protons = number of electrons

Question 9

How to find number of neutrons?

Answer 9

Mass # - atomic #

Question 10

What are ions

Answer 10

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons

Question 11

What are isotopes

Answer 11

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 12

History of the atom: What did John Dalton discover

Answer 12

Atoms are spheres and each element is made from different spheres

Question 13

History of the atom: What did JJ Thompson discover

Answer 13

Electrons and plum pudding model. Atom wasn’t solid

Question 14

History of the atom: What did Rutherford discover

Answer 14

Nucleus. That it was small and positively charged. The atom was mainly empty space making a negative cloud

Question 15

What was Rutherford’s gold leaf experiment

Answer 15

Fired + alpha particles at thin golf leaf. Most went through but some deflected (hit a + nucleus)

Question 16

History of the atom: What did Niels Bohr discover

Answer 16

Criticised Rutherford. Existence of fixed electron shells

Question 17

Proof of Bohr’s electron shells?

Answer 17

When EM radiation is absorbed, electrons move between shells and emit radiation as they move to lower energy shells

Question 18

Relative atomic mass (Ar)

Answer 18

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element, relative to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 19

Relative isotopic mass

Answer 19

The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 20

Relative molecular mass (Mr)

Answer 20

The mean mass of a molecule relative to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 21

Mass spectra: How to calculate relative atomic mass (Ar) from a graph

Answer 21

Ar = (% abundance x mass of isotope) + (% abundance x mass of isotope)/ 100