Module 2 Flashcards
What are autotrophs?
Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food using inorganic molecules.
Examples include plants, photosynthetic bacteria, and chemosynthetic bacteria.
What nutrient requirements do autotrophs have?
Autotrophs use inorganic molecules (like CO₂ and water) to make their own food and absorb minerals from the environment for growth.
What gas requirements do photosynthetic autotrophs have?
Photosynthetic autotrophs take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) and release oxygen (O₂) as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
What gas requirements do chemosynthetic autotrophs have?
Chemosynthetic autotrophs use inorganic compounds like hydrogen sulfide instead of sunlight.
What are heterotrophs?
Heterotrophs are organisms that consume organic molecules from other organisms for energy.
Examples include herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers.
What nutrient requirements do heterotrophs have?
Heterotrophs consume organic molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) and depend on digestion to break down food for energy and nutrients.
What gas requirements do heterotrophs have?
Heterotrophs require oxygen (O₂) for cellular respiration and release carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a waste product.
What is the key difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Autotrophs produce their own food and need CO₂, while heterotrophs must consume food and need O₂ for energy production.
What are alveoli?
Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs surrounded by capillaries that provide a large surface area for gas exchange.
How do stomata function in plants?
Stomata are small pores on leaves that regulate gas exchange by opening and closing in response to environmental conditions.
What is the transpiration-cohesion-tension theory?
This theory explains how water is transported from roots to leaves through xylem, driven by transpiration, cohesion, and adhesion.
How does blood composition change in animals?
Blood composition changes as it passes through different organs, absorbing oxygen and nutrients while releasing carbon dioxide and waste products.
What is the role of xylem in plants?
Xylem carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves, essential for photosynthesis and transpiration.
What is the role of phloem in plants?
Phloem transports the products of photosynthesis (sugars) to different parts of the plant, changing composition based on the plant’s needs.
What is the function of red blood cells?
Red blood cells transport oxygen using hemoglobin.
What is the function of white blood cells?
White blood cells fight infections and provide immune responses.
What is the function of platelets?
Platelets help in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding.
What is the difference between transport in plants and animals?
Transport in animals relies on a circulatory system with a heart, while transport in plants occurs through vascular tissues without a pumping organ.
