Module 2

Question 1

What does RAM stand for?

Answer 1

Random Access Memory

RAM is very volatile; data is lost as soon as power is discontinued.

Question 2

What does ROM stand for?

Answer 2

Read-Only Memory

ROM is not volatile; data is retained even when power is removed.

Question 3

What is PROM?

Answer 3

Programmable Read-Only Memory

PROM can be programmed only once and retains data without power.

Question 4

What is EPROM?

Answer 4

Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

EPROM retains data without power and can be erased and reprogrammed.

Question 5

What is EEPROM?

Answer 5

Electronically Erasable Read-Only Memory

EEPROM is used to store instructions in BIOS.

Question 6

What does SCSI stand for?

Answer 6

Small Computer System Interface

SCSI is a standard for connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices.

Question 7

What does IDE stand for?

Answer 7

Integrated Drive Electronics

IDE is a standard interface for connecting hard drives and other storage devices.

Question 8

What does SATA stand for?

Answer 8

Serial Advanced Technology Attachment

SATA is commonly used in modern hard drives.

Question 9

What is a sector on a hard disk?

Answer 9

The basic unit of data storage, usually 512 bytes

Sectors are the smallest storage unit on a hard drive.

Question 10

What is slack space?

Answer 10

The space between the end of the file and the end of the cluster

This space can be used to hide data.

Question 11

What is the maximum file size limit for FAT?

Answer 11

4 GB

FAT also has a partition size limit of 2 TB.

Question 12

What is exFAT optimized for?

Answer 12

Flash drives

exFAT supports files larger than 4 GB and is widely used in SD cards and USB drives.

Question 13

What are the main features of NTFS?

Answer 13

• File size and partition limits in the exabytes
• Advanced file permissions and encryption
• Journaling for recovery from crashes

NTFS is the preferred file system for internal drives in Windows.

Question 14

What does MAC stand for in networking?

Answer 14

Media Access Control

A MAC address is a 6-byte address identifying a device on a network.

Question 15

What is the purpose of a DNS?

Answer 15

Translates URLs into web addresses

This includes protocol, domain name, path, and query string.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: A _______ is a logical grouping of sectors.

Answer 16

cluster

Clusters can range from 1 to 128 sectors in size.

Question 17

True or False: SSDs use magnetic platters to store data.

Answer 17

False

SSDs use NAND-based flash memory instead of magnetic storage.

Question 18

What is the significance of a GUID in Windows Office files?

Answer 18

It provides a globally unique identifier

GUIDs help in identifying files uniquely across systems.

Question 19

What are the basic types of operating systems mentioned?

Answer 19

• Windows
• Linux
• Mac OS

Each operating system has unique features and uses in the computing environment.

Question 20

What is the limitation of FAT regarding file permissions?

Answer 20

Lacks advanced features like file permissions or journaling

This makes FAT less secure compared to NTFS.

Question 21

What is anti-forensics?

Answer 21

• Data destruction
• Data hiding
• Data transformation
• File system alteration

Anti-forensics techniques are used to obstruct forensic analysis.

Question 22

What does PATA stand for?

Answer 22

Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment

PATA is an older standard for connecting hard drives.

Question 23

What is area density in the context of file systems?

Answer 23

The data per area of disk

It refers to how efficiently data is stored on a disk.