Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

:Users\Administrator› gpedit

A

Необхідно ввести у віндовс терміналі щоб відкрити налаштування комп’ютера та користувача

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2
Q

MFA

A

Multifactor authentication is quickly becoming the industry standard for effective security.

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3
Q

SSO

A

Single sign-on verifies users for connected accounts or apps, so they only have to log in once.

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4
Q

Password cracking

A
  • Brute force attacks submit as many passwords as possible
  • Dictionary attacks use words pulled from dictionaries or newspapers
  • Rainbow attacks use words from an original password hash
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5
Q

Hashing

A

When an algorithm transforms an input string (like your password) into a smaller, fixed-length output string (hash)

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6
Q

SFA

A

Single-factor authentication
SFA means you only enter one credential to log in.

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7
Q

Access control

A

Access control prevents unauthorized viewing, modification, or copying of data.

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8
Q

Authorization

A

Authorization is when you have permission to access a location or do an action.

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9
Q

Authentication

A

Authentication is the act of confirming the identity of a user.

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10
Q

Hardening

A

Hardening is the process of securing a device to minimize vulnerabilities.
Harden devices by:
* Disabling unneeded features
* Updating firmware, 0S, and software
* Using firewalls, VPN, and anti-malware

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11
Q

Firmware

A

Firmware is software that tells hardware how to behave.
- BIOS passwords / firmware passwords
- Secure boot
- Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
- Drive encryption

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12
Q

BIOS passwords / firmware passwords

A

BIOS passwords / firmware passwords
The Basic Input Output System (BIOS):
* Boots up Windows and Linux PCs
* Runs hardware checks
* Starts the OS

The OS won’t start without the BIOS password or if the hardware checks find a problem.

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13
Q

Secure boot
UEFI

A

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is newer and more advanced boot firmware than BIOS.
- Secure boot is a feature of UEFI.
- Secure boot confirms an OS manufacturer’s digital signature, which prevents malware from taking control during bootup.

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14
Q

TPM

A

Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
A TPM is a chip that stores and manages encryption keys.
TPM chips won’t start a device or unencrypt data if tampering is detected.

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15
Q

Drive encryption

A

Drive encryption scrambles a drive’s data so it is unreadable.

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16
Q

Zero-day attack

A

A zero-day attack is a new attack that does not yet have a fix.
There are no patches or updates in a zero-day attack because they haven’t been created yet.
To protect against zero-day attacks:
* Use tools like VPN and IDS/IPS
* Only visit trusted networks and sites
* Follow general security hygiene standards