Module 2 Flashcards
Structural hierarchy of systems in human body
- atoms
- molecules
- organelles
- cells
- tissue
- organ
- organ system
- organism
Homeostasis
“steady state” - conditions of the internal environment remain relatively constant regardless of changes to external environment
Negative feedback loop
- stimulus - deviation from optimal condition –>
- sensor - detects the deviation ->
- control - decides what action is needed –>
- effector - actors that will oppose stimulus
Molecule body uses for short-term energy storage
glucose
What system delivers glucose to cells
circulatory system
What system breaks down glucose into smaller parts
glucose
Where is glucose absorbed into
- circulatory system (blood)
Too little glucose in blood result
- hypoglycemia
- cell starve and unable to function properly
Too much glucose in blood result
- hyperglycemia
- blood becomes thick and can’t go everywhere it needs to go
- extra sugars make it hard for cells to function correctly
Organ that senses when glucose levels are too high or too low
pancreas
What organ responds to deviation in blood glucose and how
- pancreas, releases hormones
Small chemical messengers
hormones
What happens when blood glucose is too high (response)
- pancreas releases hormone insulin
- insulin from pancreas gets into bloodstream
- helps glucose get out of blood and into cells that can use or store it
- blood glucose decreases
How exactly does insulin lower blood glucose
- helps cells take up glucose by opening channels in plasma membrane
- tells the liver and muscle cells to store excess glucose as a molecule called glycogen
Low blood glucose homestasis
- pancreas releases the hormone glucagon
- glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release it into the blood
- blood glucose increases
- pancreas stops releasing glucagon
